Spain

Church in Spain waives some tax exemptions

On the morning of March 29, the Spanish Episcopal Conference published a press release announcing its renunciation of the exemptions to the Special Contributions and the Tax on Constructions, Installations and Works.

Paloma López Campos-March 29, 2023-Reading time: < 1 minute

The Government of Spain and the Spanish Episcopal Conference signed an agreement, effective as of March 29, 2023, by which the tax regime of the Spanish Church is equated to that of other non-profit entities in the country. Therefore, and with the approval of the Holy See, the Episcopal Conference renounces to the exemptions in the Special Contributions and the Tax on Constructions, Installations and Works.

The press release issued by the EEC is as follows:

"As a result of the joint work between the Ministry of the Presidency, Relations with the Courts and Democratic Memory and the Catholic Church in the area of taxation, the Government of Spain and the Spanish Episcopal Conference, with the support of the Holy SeeIn the same way, they have reached an agreement whereby the waiver of the exemptions, derived from the Agreements, that affect the Special Contributions and the Tax on Constructions, Installations and Works (ICIO), will be processed before the Holy See.

To this end, the Government will proceed to repeal the Ministerial Order of June 5, 2001 of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, which regulates the inclusion of the Tax on Constructions, Installations and Works (ICO) in the Agreement between the Spanish State and the Holy See on Economic Matters.

The agreement is developed in the shared will between the Government of Spain and the Spanish Episcopal Conference to equalize the fiscal regime of the Catholic Church with that of non-profit entities, in accordance with the principle of non-privilege and non-discrimination. Today this agreement becomes effective by means of the corresponding exchange of notes between the Government and the Apostolic Nunciature".

Culture

Lent and Holy Week in Ecuador: Processions, Devotion and Traditions

The Arrastre de Caudas, a custom that only survives in Ecuador; the procession of Jesus del Gran Poder and the traditional soup "Fanesca" make the time of Lent and Holy Week a time of special tradition and faith in the Ecuadorian country.

Juan Carlos Vasconez-March 29, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

There are numerous customs that, in Ecuador, accompany the experience of the Lenten season and Holy Week. In them, faith and culture are intertwined, giving rise to traditions of great beauty and symbolism. Among them, we highlight in this article three: the traditional soup "Fanesca", the procession of Jesus del Gran Poder and Arrastre de Caudas.

Fanesca 

Fanesca is a traditional food dish that is usually prepared for all of Lent, especially for the Friday days of abstinence, since it does not contain meat. This soup is prepared with dried cod and 12 different grains. It is said that the fish represents Jesus and the 12 grains represent the disciples. 

The purest tradition is to eat Fanesca on Holy Thursday. However, it is known that the dish is prepared nationwide and that is why it is available all Holy Week in several restaurants.

It is usually served hot on a plate and it is traditional to decorate it with pieces of cod, either cooked or fried, salt dough in the form of empanadas, threads or balls. Also fried ripe plantain, red chilies, parsley leaves, fresh cheese, a piece of white onion and slices of boiled egg.

Procession of Jesus del Gran Poder 

The procession of Jesus of the Great Power is quite old. Every year about 250,000 thousand people take to the streets of downtown Quito, and especially concentrate in the Plaza San Francisco. The procession lasts until three in the afternoon, time of death of the Lord. The descent takes place at six o'clock in the afternoon, when the day ends for the Jewish community.

The Cucuruchos, along with the Veronicas, are traditional characters that accompany Jesus del Gran Poder and the Virgen Dolorosa in this tour that begins and ends in San Francisco and runs through much of the historic center of Quito, the largest colonial center of South America. The whole city and the streets are dyed purple.

The Cucuruchos symbolize the penitents who show their repentance and their will to change and want to vindicate themselves and begin a life free of sins. The Veronicas are the representation of the brave woman who made her way through him, to wipe the sweat and blood from the face of Jesus with a cloth that would have been miraculously engraved on the cloth by the Santa Faz. 

The Cauda Dragging

Every Holy Wednesday in the cathedral of Quito the Arrastre de Caudas is performed, also known as the "Paso de la Reseña" is of Roman origin from the sixteenth century, it is done in the Cathedral.

The ceremony takes place inside the cathedral when the Archbishop of Quito, together with his eight canons, performs a procession in which they carry on their backs the caudas, which are heavy black cloaks almost two meters long, symbolizing the sins of the world.

The canons prostrate themselves in front of the main altar for the Archbishop to wave a huge black flag with a red cross above them to symbolically convey the virtues of Jesus Christ. The flag also passes over the heads of many of the attendees. To conclude the liturgical act, the Archbishop hits the flag three times against the ground, symbol of the resurrection of Christ, and then blesses all the faithful with the relic of the Holy Cross.

José Asimbaya, parish priest in charge of the Caudas Cathedral cArrastre, points out that "it is a celebration full of hope, of life. Although the rites that are performed speak of death because of this convulsed world, full of violence, there is hope to live. That is why the flag that is waved is to show that death has been defeated.

The Church, a hindrance?

Those who judge the Church from the outside, as just another human institution, without faith in Christ, will always consider it as "backward", out of step with the times, in short, a hindrance to the enjoyment of the body and of life.

March 29, 2023-Reading time: 2 minutes

Some of the information that reaches public opinion about the Church conveys a problematic, if not outright negative, view of the Church: abuseThe company's products are in dissonance with the demands of today's society, modern culture, current trends and lifestyles. 

From this perspective, the Church and Christianity, in general, appear as a hindrance, an obstacle to "progress". It is normal for Christians to feel this social and cultural environment, which tries to hide, overlap or pass indifferent to the Christian faith. 

This should not frighten us, nor should it disturb or impress us, much less should it lead us to hide our faith. With simplicity, without losing our calm, we must live according to what we believe in all the environments in which our life as Christians unfolds. The Lord already warned us that there would be opposition, that the Christian faith would not always be accepted with peace. What cannot happen is that we shrink back, that we fill ourselves with complexes or that we hide our being disciples of Christ. 

It attacks, for example, the celibacy or the Christian doctrine on human sexuality or the role of women in the Church, but in the end what is at stake and what is attacked is the Christian faith. Those who judge the Church from the outside, as just another human institution, without faith in Christ, will always consider it to be "backward", out of step with the times, in short, a hindrance to the enjoyment of the body and of life. 

We are at the gates of Holy Week and the Church will once again proclaim the Cross of Christ as the source of salvation, happiness and life. This is the paradox of Christianity. Whoever chooses the force of his desire, autonomous and individualistic, as the only way to happiness, will not need God or any redemption, nor any mediation between God and man. But this option, taken to the extreme, leaves man alone, subjected to his desire, which in the end is "his god". For those who make this option, Christ is superfluous, the Church is superfluous and the priesthoodbecause the eternal value of the person is annulled.

The authorCelso Morga

Archbishop emeritus of the Diocese of Mérida Badajoz

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The World

Nordic bishops alert to "a secular discourse on sexuality".

The bishops of the Scandinavian Bishops' Conference, including Cardinal Arborelius of Stockholm, have outlined insights from Christian teaching on sexuality, warning of "the limits of a purely secular discourse," in a recently published pastoral letter.

Francisco Otamendi-March 28, 2023-Reading time: 4 minutes

The pastoral letter of the eight bishops, entitled "On Human Sexuality," "is intended to indicate a direction to those believers and people of good will who are troubled by an overly worldly view of the human being and his sexuality," states the scandinavian bishops' conferenceand was published on the Fifth Sunday of Lent, as a continuation of its recently concluded Spring Plenary Assembly.

"Our mission and task as bishops is to point out the peacemaking and life-giving way of Christ's commandments, which is narrow at first, but widens as we go along. We would fail you if we offered less. We were not ordained to preach our little notions".

Sign the pastoral letter Bishops Czeslaw Kozon (Copenhagen), current president; Cardinal Anders Arborelius (Stockholm), who presided over the conference from 2005 to 2015; Peter Bürcher, emeritus of Reykjavik; Bernt Eidsvig Can.Reg. (Oslo); Berislav Grgić, Tromsø; P Marco Pasinato, Ap.Adm. (Helsinki); David Tencer OFM Cap. (Reykjavik); and Erik Varden OCSO, Trondheim.

Christian teaching on sexuality

After a review of biblical images, the bishops state that "we need deep roots. Let us try, then, to appropriate the fundamental principles of Christian anthropology, approaching with friendship and respect those who feel alienated from them. We owe it to the Lord, to ourselves and to our world to give an account of what we believe and why we believe it to be true".

"Many are perplexed by traditional Christian teaching on sexuality," they add. "To these we offer friendly advice. First: try to familiarize yourself with the call and promise of Christ, to know him better through the Scriptures and in prayer, through the liturgy and the study of the whole doctrine of the Church, not just fragments taken here and there. Participate in the life of the Church. In this way you will broaden the horizon of the questions from which you started, and also your mind and your heart".

Secondly, the Nordic episcopate advises to "consider the limits of a purely secular discourse on sexuality. It has to enrich it. We need proper terms to talk about these important things. We will have a valuable contribution to make if we recover the sacramental nature of sexuality in God's plan, the beauty of Christian chastity and the joy of friendship, which shows the great liberating intimacy that can also be found in non-sexual relationships."

Complementarity of men and women

In this context, the Scandinavian bishops recall: "The image of God in human nature is manifested in the complementarity of man and woman. Man and woman are created for each other: the commandment to be fruitful depends on this reciprocity, sanctified in the nuptial union". 

They then add: "In the WritingThe marriage of man and woman becomes an image of God's communion with humanity, which will be perfect at the marriage of the Lamb at the end of history. This does not mean that such a union, for us, is easy or painless. To some it seems an impossible option. Internally, the integration of masculine and feminine characteristics can be difficult. The Church recognizes this. It wishes to embrace and comfort all those who experience this issue with difficulty."

About the LGBTQ+ movement

The Nordic bishops' pastoral letter speaks explicitly of valuing the LGBTQ+ movement "as it relates to the dignity of all people and their longing to be taken into account," the bishops' conference notes. "The Church explicitly condemns 'any kind of discrimination,' and that includes discrimination based on gender identity or orientation."

However, the bishops oppose a view of human nature "that conveys an image of humanity (...) that dissolves the bodily integrity of the person, as if biological sex were something purely accidental." In particular, they criticize that "such views are imposed on children as if they were not bold hypotheses but proven facts" and "imposed on minors as an oppressive burden of having to determine their own identity without being equipped to do so."

The body, linked to the personality

Further on, they add: "It is curious: our society, so concerned about the body, actually takes it lightly, refusing to see in the body a sign of identity, and consequently assuming that the only individuality is the one produced by subjective self-perception, constructing us in our own image". 

"When we profess that God has made us in his image, this does not only refer to the soul. Mysteriously it also refers to the body," the Scandinavian prelates add. "For us Christians, the body is intrinsically linked to the personality. We believe in the resurrection of the body. Of course, 'We will all be transformed.' What our body will be like in eternity is hard to imagine."

The bishops also write: "We believe with biblical authority, based on tradition, that the unity of mind, soul and body will last forever. In eternity we will be recognizable for what we already are, but the conflicting aspects that still impede the harmonious development of our true selves will have been resolved."

Realizing love

Finally, the bishops refer to charity, love and the paschal mysteries. "The Church's teaching does not seek to reduce love, but to realize it." "So that it may be understood that every exercise of perfect Christian virtue can only spring from love, for in love it has its ultimate end. From this love the world was made and our nature took shape. This love was manifested in the exemplarity of Christ, in his teaching, in his saving passion and in his death." 

And they conclude: "Love triumphed in his glorious resurrection, which we will celebrate with joy during the fifty days of Easter. May our multifaceted and multicolored Catholic community bear witness to this love in truth".

Cardinal Arborelius, Bishop of Stockholm, pointed out that it was "important to bring the faith of the Church to the people of today" and to do so "especially against the background of the different theories on human sexuality". And Bishop Erik Varden (Trondheim) stressed: "Our faithful ask us what the Church says about gender, and we want to respond constructively.

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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Spain

Bishop José Rico Pavés: "A living Church is rich in ministries".

On the morning of March 28, the headquarters of the Spanish Episcopal Conference hosted a briefing with the presidents of the Episcopal Commissions for the Liturgy and for Evangelization, Catechesis and Catechumenate, Monsignor José Leonardo Lemos Montanet and Monsignor José Rico Pavés, during which the new document "Guidelines on the institution of the ministries of lector, acolyte and catechist" was discussed.

Paloma López Campos-March 28, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

On the morning of March 28th, Monsignor José Leonardo Lemos Montanet and Monsignor José Rico Pavés, presidents of the Episcopal Commissions for the Liturgy and for the Evangelization, Catechesis and CatechumenateThe meeting was held with journalists to present a document prepared at the request of the plenary session of the Spanish Episcopal Conference. It is the "Guidelines on the institution of the ministries of lector, acolyte and catechist", which will be tested during the next five years and which highlight the richness of the Church and its members.

These guidelines come in response to two documents published by Pope Francis in 2023, "Spiritus Domini"by which he allowed women to be instituted in ministries, and "Antiquum ministerium"by which he instituted a non-liturgical ministry: that of the catechist. As the bishops state in the document presented, the Pope's novelties "have prompted the Spanish Church to reflect on the praxis of the ministries and, as a result of this reflection, the following are offered Orientations".

Reception, openness and hope

Monsignor José Rico Pavés described the document as a "document of reception, open and hopeful". Of reception, because the main idea is "to welcome in the scope of the dioceses of Spain the latest directives of Pope Francis".

On the other hand, it is open in that the Episcopal Conference is in the "process of accepting recent directives and is proposing guidelines of an experimental nature. And, finally, it is hopeful "because it places us in the broad wake of the acceptance of the guidelines of the Vatican Council II".

Living Church

It is important to delve deeper into the nature and identity of ministries, since "a living Church is a Church rich in ministries," Rico Pavés observed. Such ministries, moreover, are not purely concessions from the clergy to the other members of the People of God, but "have their origin in the Baptism"and thus indicate the richness of all the members of the Church.

José Leonardo Lemos Montanet, when he said that the lector, the acolyte and the catechist "are not substitute ministries, they are not meant to replace priests. They do not substitute, but cooperate with the ordained ministry".

Training and conservation

The tasks of those instituted as ministers, as can be seen, cannot be taken lightly. For this reason, Lemos Montanet emphasized the idea that "those who feel called in the Church to serve in these ministries must be formed in an adequate manner." Hence also the importance of the Orientations presented.

However, when considering these guidelines, the clarification made by Monsignor José Rico Pavés is important: "It is not a matter of inventing new things, but of recovering what has belonged to the Church since ancient times".

Church Ministries

The first part contains an explanation of the constituted lay ministries; the second deals with the competencies, nature and identity of the minister instituted as lector, acolyte or catechist; and finally, the bishops present a formation proposal with elements common to all three ministries and specific to each of them.

As the document states, "the lay ministries (read: lector, acolyte and catechist) are services of collaboration and, in special cases, can also make up for the absence of ordained ministries". They are special calls from God to serve that must be discerned by the Church and, in particular, by the bishops.

The reader

The lector's ministry is a liturgical ministry "at the service of the Word of God". The competencies of the instituted minister include "proclaiming the non-evangelical readings," substituting for the psalmist or deacon for the prayer of the faithful, and preparing other lectors. In addition, he or she may also be in charge of coordinating other ministries, tasks related to ongoing formation, preparing the faithful for the reception of the sacraments, and other activities related to the reading of Sacred Scripture.

The acolyte

The ministry of the acolyte is liturgical and is "at the service of the altar, the presider and the other ministers". The acolyte is also "an extraordinary minister of the Sacred Liturgy". communion The "coordination of the liturgical team, the preparation and rehearsal of the celebrations, coordination of the other extraordinary ministers, etc." may be entrusted to him.

The catechist

It is "the great novelty of these Orientations"The catechist is "not strictly speaking a liturgical ministry". The catechist is "at the service of the ad and the transmission of the faith in all its dimensions. Its competencies are very diverse and "it can be entrusted with tasks of formation, work of first proclamation, catechesis of initiation in the Christian life of children, adolescents or adults, ongoing formation, Christian reinitiation, family ministry...".

An opportunity for pastoral renewal

In summary, and as a conclusion to the "Guidelines on the institution of the ministries of lector, acolyte and catechist", the bishops consider this "a precious opportunity for pastoral renewal, which should not be overlooked, and which will be concretized in each diocese according to concrete needs".

Family

G. K. Chesterton: Prophet of the Family

The centenary of G. K. Chesterton's conversion to Catholicism is a propitious occasion to approach this brilliant writer, a polemicist of sharp intelligence and a devastating critic of fatuous cultural fashions from the perspective of Christian realism. He devoted many pages to marriage and the family. He frequently highlighted the glaring contradictions of modernity in the understanding of this vital institution for the person and society.

José Miguel Granados-March 28, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

The 100th anniversary of the conversion to Catholicism of G. K. Chesterton (1874-1936) is a propitious occasion to approach this brilliant writer, a polemicist of sharp intelligence and a devastating critic of fatuous cultural fashions from the perspective of Christian realism. The prolific English journalist and writer was capable of unveiling human paradoxes and perplexities in the light of the mystery of the living God.

He devoted many pages to the marriage and the family. He frequently highlighted the glaring contradictions of modernity in the understanding of this vital institution for the person and society. Moreover, he incisively recalled the perennial values of conjugal anthropology, in conformity with the Creator's plan, accessible to common sense.

The family, theater of the extraordinary

Chesterton denounces the inanity of the desire for meaningless novelties exhibited by the snob of the moment, by underlining the perennial originality and greatness of the family institution, decisive for human life. "The most extraordinary thing in the world is an ordinary man and an ordinary woman and their ordinary children." says the English thinker with a touch of humor. The family home is the cradle and school of humanity: a place of welcome and protection, of maturation and socialization; it is in the family where one's own identity and value are recognized, where one learns to live and to love. For, in short: "The family is the theater of spiritual drama, the place where things happen, especially things that matter."

The home adventure

The unbridled pursuit of professional success can be a trap - even idolatry - if family values are neglected: "Succeeding at work is not worth it when it means failing at home.". Of course, children can also be the object of disordered love.

"Marriage is an adventure: like going to war." The curiosity of the contemporary tourist, his constant flight to false paradises - often virtual - is vulgar compared to what is really worthwhile: the real adventure consists in staying at home, to respond with courage to the most passionate vocation, and to undertake there the beautiful task of making a home. "When we enter the family, by the act of being born, we enter an incalculable world, a world that has its own strange laws, a world that can exist without us, a world that we did not make. In other words, when we enter the family we enter a fairy tale".

To dedicate one's existence to the enjoyment of unfounded emotions dissolves in an erratic wandering. For the meaning of freedom is commitment: surrendering oneself is to the human being what flying is to the bird. "The love is not blind; that is the last thing it is; love is bondage, and the more bondage the less blind."

The gift of self in favor of others fills life with meaning. The marital and family "we" - born of the conjugal covenant, in conformity with God's plan inscribed in masculinity and femininity, and accessible to formed and mature reason - builds humanity: it is the first challenge we face. "Marriage is a duel to the death that no man of honor should decline."

Divorce superstition

Incompatibility of character is often alleged as a reason for justifying a marital breakdown. Chesterton responds with provocative irony: "I have known many happy marriages, but never a compatible one. The whole purpose of marriage is to struggle and survive from the moment incompatibility becomes unquestionable. For a man and a woman, as such, are incompatible."

Divorce itself qualifies it as superstition, for it is not conceivable to live together without difficulties: "The whole pleasure of marriage consists in the fact that it constitutes a perpetual crisis." he says with unabashed abandon. And yet, living in communion is essential, because loneliness is harmful and sterile. The craftsmanship of family relationships is essential to grow, unfold and give life: we need to help each other, share intimacy, work to make domestic community, overcoming the frictions of the company to get the best out of each other.

Paradox and salvation

In short, only in the presence of the true God - the infinite Being who is in himself interpersonal communion, the source of all family life - can the great contradictions of human life be overcome in the search for the meaning of the mystery that envelops it. For the greatest paradox of human history, and the only one that deciphers its meaning, is the presence of Jesus Christ, the Incarnate Word, the Savior of the world, the Redeemer of mankind and the Bridegroom of the Church. He teaches us that, overcoming human limits to enter into the dimensions of divine life, "To love means to want what is unlovable; to forgive entails forgiving the unforgivable. Faith means believing the unbelievable. To hope means to trust when all seems hopeless".

To learn more

    G. K. Chesterton, History of the Family. On the only state that creates and loves its own citizens (edition and introduction by D. Ahlquist). Rialp, Madrid 2023;
    Idem, La superstición del divorcio: seguido de divorcio versus democracia. Espuela de Plata, Madrid 2013;
    Idem, La mujer y la familia. Styria, Madrid 2006;
    Idem, El amor o la fuerza del sino (selection, translation and introduction by Álvaro de Silva). Rialp, Madrid 1993.
    J. M. Granados, Transforming love. Marriage and hope in the great stories. Eunsa, Pamplona 2022;
    Idem, El evangelio del matrimonio y de la familia. Eunsa, Pamplona 2021.

The authorJosé Miguel Granados

University of San Dámaso

Culture

Love according to Kierkegaard

In "The Works of Love", Sören Kierkegaard insists on the Christian conception of love as opposed to the pagan one. He affirms that, for Christianity, God is love and without love everything is banal.

Santiago Leyra Curiá-March 28, 2023-Reading time: 4 minutes

You have a lot of resources in "The works of love", dated 29-IX-1847, Sören Kierkegaard insists on the Christian conception of love as opposed to the pagan one. He affirms that, for Christianity, God is love and without love everything is banal. God is the source of love in the deepest and unfathomable intimacy of the human person.

Only the one who loves participates in love and drinks from its very source and, thus, "the absolutely Other" becomes close because in every true loving relationship God appears: true love is not a relationship between one person and another, but rather a person-God-person relationship; God is "the Common Denominator".

The book by the famous Danish author is divided into a first part, which deals with the origin of love, and a second part, which deals with the characteristics of love.

It begins with a prayer in which, among other things, it states:

"How could love be rightly spoken of if You were forgotten, O God, from whom all love in heaven and on earth proceeds, You who bargained nothing, but gave all for love... You who revealed what love is!"

In the first part he says that love springs from within man in the same way that a lake is nourished by a hidden spring. This spring is infinite because it is God himself.

Love in the world manifests itself temporarily, but its source is eternal. God is continually sustaining us with his loving action. If this love were to withdraw for a single instant, everything would return to chaos.

In the second part, he deepens the idea that lovingly keeping the memory of the deceased in memory constitutes the act of human love. "more selfless"the freest and most faithful of all.

That is why Kierkegaard advises: "Thus remember the deceased and you will learn to love the living with an unselfish, free and faithful love". 

Eternity and freedom

The works of love manifest the eternity of God and are proof of his existence. Out of love, God creates, incarnates himself and manifests himself to mankind.

Our love makes us similar to Him and makes us sharers in His life, for it is "the fountain of water springing up to eternal life".  

God has granted us freedom because only a free love is true love. To Him we owe a correspondence of absolute love. There is only one being whom man can love more than himself. This being is none other than God, whom one must love not as oneself, but with all one's heart, with all one's soul and with all one's mind.

As the origin of love is hidden "the secret life of love is known by its fruits", for the works.

We can only speak of true works of love when it is the love of God that moves us to act from the depths of our being. Although good works are not always a reflection of love, love is manifested in good works.

For Kierkegaard we can only be authentic Christians if we become singular persons and are willing to suffer for the truth.

Instead, mediocrity, worldly intelligence, "it is eternally excluded and abhorred in heaven, more than any vice and crime, for in its essence it belongs, more than anything else to this vile world and more than anything else it is estranged from heaven and the eternal!"

There is an enormous distance between Greek eros and the Christian agape that appears with the New Testament.

The first is a love of desire that tends to the possession of the beloved person; in agape, the other is loved as other, the lover rejoices in the existence of the beloved person and wants his or her good.

The person close to whom we love is not an abstract being but a concrete being whom the circumstances of life have placed close to us. We must love him or her as ourselves.  

Christian love and pagan love

Love has a double object: the good that is wanted and the subject for whom that good is wanted. 

True, Christian love is respectful of the loved one because it wants the good for him/her and has a divine foundation, it never grows old because it is not according to the flesh but according to the spirit, it is not finite but infinite.

To love truly is a duty, that duty makes abnegation the essential form of Christianity; to love is to obey the divine law that commands to love for love of God, not for love of duty, as in Kant.

Pagan love is selfish and possessive, it does not spring from the eternal spring nor is it bound to eternity, it is the child of temporality; it is a rebellious love against Love, it fights against all dependence, it recognizes neither renunciation nor abnegation nor duty. It is an outdated love.

If a person ceases to love, it is a very clear sign that he has never loved. Mediocrity and worldly intelligence are eternally excluded from heaven because they belong essentially to the world that is out of date.

The human person attains his self by self-realizing himself as unique before God. To despair consists in wanting to be what one is not and in not wanting to be what one is.

The aesthetic man is not yet an individual; the ethical man begins to present the characteristics of the singular individual and begins to be in a position to discover the truth.

The first condition of religiosity is to be a singular individual because it is impossible to build or be built up en masse, even more impossible than to be in love en masse. ("My point of view on my activity as a writer", 1848).

If we become unique people, willing to suffer for the truth, we can aspire to be authentic Christians.

The Vatican

How Caritas Internationalis works

Rome Reports-March 27, 2023-Reading time: < 1 minute
rome reports88

Caritas Internationalis has implemented a permanent listening process for its employees, complemented by coaching and counseling. They want to put people at the center, and insist that the changes are not due to any sexual or economic scandal and that they have fulfilled all their objectives.


AhNow you can enjoy a 20% discount on your subscription to Rome Reports Premiumthe international news agency specializing in the activities of the Pope and the Vatican.
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Integral ecology

Julio BanaclocheWomen are the ones who suffer the most from the social engineering"

"The ideological winds are not favorable to those who defend a Christian - or simply a moral - vision of life." O "the great victims of these reforms are women, who see how all the social and labor gains achieved in recent decades are being diluted". This is the view of Julio Banacloche, Professor of Procedural Law at the Complutense University of Madrid, in an interview with Omnes.

Francisco Otamendi-March 27, 2023-Reading time: 5 minutes

Pope Francis said this month in an interview with the Argentine daily newspaper La Nación that "gender ideology is one of the most dangerous ideological colonizations". Some years ago the Pope made a appealHe then reiterated, to deny "the new ideological colonizations that seek to destroy the family".

The reading of the reflection entitled 'Materniphobia: neither mothers, nor fathers, nor children', where it was written that "it is undeniable that, in our society, we find a current that tries to erase any positive sign of motherhood or fatherhood", can adequately introduce this interview.

The immediate antecedent was a conference on "The family in the face of the new laws of social engineering", which are being implemented in various parts of the world, not only in Spain, organized by Jara Siglo XXI.

The speaker was Professor Julio Banacloche PalaoProfessor of Procedural Law at the Complutense University of Madrid, prolific author on legal matters, who talks to Omnes, for example, about the neutrality of the State, or 'counter-education' at home. 

Another close antecedent is the document "The faithful God keeps his covenant". (DT 7.9), of the Spanish Episcopal Conferencepresented in January of this year. It is an instrument for pastoral work on the person, family and society, to which the interviewee refers in the conversation.

You began your speech by quoting sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. Why Bauman?

-Because Bauma, despite his adherence to Marxism (which is always a theoretical conditioning factor), was a great sociologist who characterized our time very well, defining it as a liquid society, in which the great pillars that gave stability and solidity to life in the Western world (the family, work and the nation) have crumbled, generating a situation of insecurity and uncertainty. 

This lack of "solid" references, on the other hand, is what has allowed ideas and constructions about man, the world and life to come to the forefront that are contrary to science and common sense, and inconceivable fifty years ago.

I don't know if among Bauman's ideas, or as your conclusions, you have referred to insecurity and fear of the future. 

-These are Bauman's ideas. In his opinion, this loss of security (marriage is no longer forever, employment is not stable, the nation is diluted by global powers) generates an insecurity in the present and an uncertainty for the future that generates fear and incapacitates especially for commitment. The only sure thing is consumption ("every desire for happiness ends up in a store," Bauman said), although this is also ephemeral and generates more frustration (there will always be a better iPhone than the one I just bought). 

This makes it very difficult to build a society based on classical values, forged in Christianity (loyalty, commitment, solidarity), because the dominant virtue is flexibility, which Bauman himself defines as the ability to break commitments made without any feeling of guilt or regret ("we must adapt, these are the new times, it's the right thing to do").

You mentioned a document of the Spanish Episcopal Conference. How does free self-determination of will affect us? What do you highlight from this text?

The most interesting thing about this document of January 2023 is that the Spanish bishops detect that we are facing a change of era, where it is not necessary to analyze each legal change resulting from the so-called "social engineering" in isolation, but as a whole. They are precisely trying to "dissolve" what is left of the solid pillars of which Bauman spoke: instead of the idea of community, individualism and solipsism are being imposed, where one only sees oneself, is what one wants to be, and even decides on matters that are imposed on him. As Benedict XVI said, this is the last stage of the creature's rebellion against its Creator. 

The principle of free self-determination of the will, which has its roots in Hegel, is projected in that I decide whether or not to allow the life of others (abortion), whether to continue living or to end my life in an "official" way (euthanasia), or whether I am a man or a woman according to how I feel now (trans law). 

In these decisions, which the State has to recognize, promote and carry out, others do not matter at all: neither the father (much less the child who is aborted) in the euphemistically called "voluntary interruption of pregnancy" (when nothing is interrupted, but rather it puts an end to it), nor the relatives in euthanasia, nor the rest of the people and groups affected by a change of sex in the trans law. 

In addition to abortion and euthanasia, you have also referred to the so-called 'trans law'...

-Yes, it is the penultimate product of the social engineering factory that has managed to gain access to government and parliament. Once again, it is about taking advantage of a reality that deserves a respectful, balanced and adequate treatment to its circumstances (such as that of intersex or transsexual people), to impose a disproportionate, ideologized and contrary to science, logic and the most elementary legal and social security regulation. 

No one understands that a person can change sex simply by saying so at the registry window, and from that moment take advantage of the benefits attributed to the new sex. 

On the other hand, the great victims of these reforms are women, who see how, through these norms, all the social and labor conquests achieved in the last decades are diluted. But this law is not the last one in this legislative delirium we are living through ("diarrhea", the Secretary of Equality called it, never better said because of the decomposition and lack of consistency implied by the term): the animal welfare law, which grants rights to animals in their condition of "sentient beings", or the draft bill on families, which considers eighteen different realities as such, are other examples.

The question now is why does the state have to proselytize so many things?  

-The State must be ideologically neutral, as required by our Constitutional Court. That is what it means to live in a plural and diverse society: that all approaches to moral issues are accepted, as long as they do not exceed the basic rules of coexistence, which are embodied in the constitutional principles and values. 

For this reason, the State should not assume or make its own the Christian or Marxist perspective of the world or of man, but neither the gender perspective, which is nothing more than an ideological approach based on the existence of a heteropatriarchy and a secular invisibilization of women, and which promotes a destructive nihilism. 

What we are seeing is that the State, through its legislation, becomes an activist of certain ideas and a proscriber of others, excluding not only from the debate but also from legality those who hold contrary views. And implanting a single way of thinking and punishing administratively or criminally anyone who thinks otherwise brings us dangerously close to totalitarianism.

What is 'counter-education' at home?

-It is a call to the responsibility of parents and families, especially Catholic families, but in general to all those who want their children to have moral values. Nothing can be taken for granted anymore, and the ideological winds are not favorable to those who defend a Christian -or simply a moral- vision of life. 

For this reason, it is no longer possible to leave formation to the schools, not even to those that have a Catholic ideology or are run - often only nominally - by religious, but, in religious or moral matters, it is necessary to ask at home what has been explained at school, or what has been seen on the networks, and to explain and correct what is not in conformity with the convictions that parents want to transmit to their children. 

Along the same lines, how can parents have more influence on education, or on schools?

-The current situation is a great opportunity to assume a greater social commitment in all areas. The fact that these crazy and anti-human laws have managed to be passed is largely due to the "silence of the good guys", to the passivity of normal people who have preferred to do their own thing (which is enough) and not get involved in the political or civil society sphere. 

That is why I believe that the time has come for all of us to courageously assume personal and social commitments in the defense of the common good: parents dedicating time and effort to the education of their children (sometimes sacrificing time for leisure or personal fulfillment), teachers dedicating ourselves to our students, and in general all of us forming part of entities and associations that can influence society.

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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Older siblings

These older people, brothers and sisters of our brotherhoods for decades, are the true treasure of the brotherhoods.

March 27, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

When I speak of older brothers I am not referring to the brothers who preside over the governing boards and lead the brotherhood, but to the oldest, the eldest; I like to call them that way, neither third age, nor second youth, nor silver age or any other name that tries to disguise reality. Language does not create realities.

From the tribune of the years the older brothers acquire sufficient perspective to be able to contemplate life, the life of the brotherhood and its life, with special lucidity provided that they meet two conditions: reflective experience and analytical criteria.

I say reflective experience because if you do not reflect on the different circumstances and situations you have experienced, you cannot say that you have experience, you have simply experienced things that have slipped through your fingers like water through a stone. criteria for analysis, a model of values and beliefs in which to fit the events that make up his biography.

This interior pondering of all the events in which they have been protagonists or spectators endows the Elder Brothers with a special serenity and freedom. By recovering or strengthening their principles, they reinforce their identity in a way that no totalitarian or populist gale will be able to annul. In short: are freer. From the serenity of maturity, understand freedom as the ability to love more and to love less. to his own and to his brotherhood. Y more loyalbecause fidelity is the word love in time and has already been proven.

With freedom they reinforce their hope, strength and courage. They have not come this far to long for the past, but to create the future and they apply themselves to it with audacity, without excusing themselves for their age, reinforcing the doctrinal foundations of their brotherhood and daring to innovate, to be disruptive, aware that it is precisely the older ones who, because of their experience, have the greatest capacity for innovation.

They also have other distinguishing features:

Simplify, sThey learn what is fundamental, what must be demanded without giving in, and what is accessory. They discover that what is fundamental are a few things that refer to values, focusing on these, so they and others enjoy themselves and others more.

They know how to pass to a second or third plane, they rejoice with the successes of the younger brothers of the new government boards, without claiming, or even thinking, about the part that corresponds to them in that success.

They naturally carry their "backpack", which life has been filling with disappointments, betrayals and absences. They also carry their mistakes and the harm they may have caused to others. They do not carry it with resignation, but with the joy of those who know they are children of God and trust in Him.

Their dreams no longer have them as protagonists, but those to come.

There is a passage in the Gospel that seems to be dedicated expressly to the older brothers: the episode of the disciples on the road to Emmaus. They have lost their illusions. Discouraged, without horizons, they return home. Jesus stands beside them, although they do not recognize him, he speaks to them and makes them recover their hope. Towards the end of the road, He made a gesture to go on. But they forced him, saying, "Stay with us, for it is evening and the day is far spent. (St. Luke, 24).

And he stayed. And their lives were changed, and they returned to Jerusalem with joy, to begin again.

The sun also sets on the lives of older siblings. They have had the opportunity to live the dawn of childhood and youth and have passed the bright hours of noon, of maturity. It is time to return home in peace and quiet, to meet oneself and others, in the depths of affection, of the good done and received, of the serene acceptance of successes and failures.

It is never too late to live the best of life; it is never too late to, like those on the road to Emmaus, say to Jesus and his Mother: stay with us!to become a permanent support for others, knowing how to stand in the background to actively contemplate the sunset of a day that is a joyful eve of those to come and that you will see from another perspective.

It is necessary to approach them and the treasure that they represent in the brotherhood. They really are the authentic elder brothers.

The authorIgnacio Valduérteles

D. in Business Administration. Director of the Instituto de Investigación Aplicada a la Pyme. Eldest Brother (2017-2020) of the Brotherhood of the Soledad de San Lorenzo, in Seville. He has published several books, monographs and articles on brotherhoods.

Father S.O.S

ChatGPT (from OpenAI)

Artificial intelligence" is becoming more and more developed. This is demonstrated by one of today's most popular tools: ChatGPTa language model developed by OpenAI.

José Luis Pascual-March 27, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

The year of artificial intelligence (AI) was 2022. With almost infinite possibilities and applicable to many human and creative actions or activities, until now it was a technology beyond the reach of most users. But the arrival of the free chat system with artificial intelligence, ChatGPTable to respond to anything you ask, could break that barrier. 

Since its launch in November 2022, the tool has been ChatGPT has been compared to Google, as both answer questions. However, they differ in the form: the ChatGPT It does this by creating unpublished texts, which seem to be written by a human, coherent and organic. It is a chat that has been trained so that you can ask it questions and it can explain anything to you. To use it you only need to register. It is able to generate texts, summaries, the code for a web page, a script for a YouTube or TikTok text, and do it with a more informal or serious tone, depending on your orders. 

What is ChatGPT?

ChatGPT is a large-scale language model developed by OpenAIan artificial intelligence research organization. It is an advanced conversational system that uses a large neural network to produce coherent and meaningful text in response to a question or prompt.

ChatGPT is based on the transformational language model GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), which was operated with a large amount of text available on the Internet. This training allows ChatGPT understand context and produce relevant and coherent text in a wide variety of tasks, from generating answers and questions to writing complex texts.

At ChatGPTusers are experimenting with machine learning technology (Machine Learning), without having to code, since the algorithms of the Machine Learning should be able to understand what you are asking it accurately, responding in a coherent manner. But like any artificial intelligence model, it is possible for it to make mistakes, as it is not an exact science. 

How to use it?

Having your conversations with this artificial intelligence is very simple. The only thing you have to do is enter the official website of OpenAI (https://chat.openai.com/) and sign up for free.

One of the most popular uses of ChatGPT is like a conversational agent in messaging applications and chatbots. In addition, ChatGPT can be used for natural language processing, machine translation, text classification and named entity identification tasks. It is used in text generation applications, such as news summaries or product descriptions.

Another important use of ChatGPT is its application in artificial intelligence research. Researchers use models such as ChatGPT to better understand how language works and to develop new artificial intelligence systems that are able to better understand and produce good quality text. In addition, ChatGPT is also being used to improve accessibility, as it can be used for written text to speech and vice versa, making it useful for people with visual and hearing disabilities.

This innovative tool can write articles or summaries of a specific number of characters. You can even ask it to write these texts in a certain way, pointing out the specific features you want the result to include. It can also be asked for advice on which add-on to buy or explanations to questions raised. 

While its use is not without controversy, especially in academia, it can answer questions quickly and accurately, making it ideal for applications such as technical support and customer service. This model can answer questions quickly and accurately, making it ideal for applications such as technical support and customer service, but it can also open the door for students to use the tool to do work with little effort of their own.

In spite of this, the vast majority of experts favor the use of ChatGPTThis opens the door to endless possibilities and implies a breakthrough never seen before in the field of artificial intelligence.

The Vatican

Pope at the end of Lent: "Do not give in to pessimism or discouragement".

"At times when life resembles a closed tomb, and all is darkness", with "pain and despair", Jesus tells us that in those moments "we are not alone". And like Lazarus, he urges us: "Go out! Get up, get back on your feet, regain your confidence! Do not give in to the pessimism that depresses, nor to fear or discouragement," Pope Francis encouraged at the Angelus.

Francisco Otamendi-March 26, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

"Today, fifth Sunday of Lent, the Gospel presents us with the resurrection of Lazarus (cf. Jn 11:1- 45). It is the last of Jesus' miracles narrated before Easter; we can say, therefore, that we are at the culmination of his 'signs,'" Pope Francis began by saying before praying the Marian prayer of the Angelus from the window of the study of the Vatican Apostolic Palace in St. Peter's Square.

"Lazarus is a dear friend of Jesus, who knows that he is about to die," but when he arrives home, all hope is lost: he has already died and been buried, the Holy Father continued.

However, "his presence kindles a little confidence in the hearts of the sisters, Martha and Mary. "They, in the midst of their pain, cling to this light. Jesus invites them to have faith, and asks them to open the tomb. Then he prays to the Father, and then cries out to Lazarus, 'Come out!' He comes back to life and comes out.

The Pope appreciates a "clear message: Jesus gives life even when it seems that there is no more hope. It sometimes happens that one feels hopeless, or that one meets people who no longer have hope, because of a painful loss, an illness, a cruel disappointment, an injustice or a betrayal suffered, a serious mistake made. Sometimes we hear people say: 'There is nothing more to be done. 

"We are not alone in the dark."

These are moments in which "life resembles a closed sepulcher: all is darkness, all around is only pain and despair. But "today Jesus tells us that it is not like that, that in those moments we are not alone, indeed, that it is precisely in those moments that He becomes closer than ever to give us life anew," the Pope said.

"He weeps with us, as he wept for Lazarus". At the same time, however, "Jesus invites us not to stop believing and hoping, not to let ourselves be discouraged by negative feelings. He approaches our tombs and says to us, as he did then: 'Roll away the stone!' Take out all that is inside, place it before me with confidence, without fear, because I am with you, I love you and I want you to live again. And, like Lazarus, repeat to each one of us: 'Come out! Get up, get back on the road, regain your confidence.

Jesus tells us, "I am with you!" 

Drawing on the memory of each person's childhood, the Holy Father conveyed the message of Jesus: "I take you by the hand, as when you were a child learning to take your first steps. Remove the bandages that bind you, do not give in to the pessimism that depresses, to the fear that isolates, to the discouragement caused by the memory of bad experiences, to the fear that paralyzes. I want you free and alive, I do not abandon you, I am with you! Do not let yourself be imprisoned by pain, do not let hope die: live again!" he exclaimed.

This passage, found in chapter 11 of John's Gospel, "which does us much good to read, is a hymn to life, and we read it when Easter is near," the Pope reiterated. "Perhaps we too now carry in our hearts some weight or some suffering that seems to crush us. It is time to remove the stone and go out to meet Jesus who is near." 

And as usual, the Holy Father raised some questions: "Are we capable of opening our hearts and entrusting our worries to him, of opening the tomb of our problems and looking beyond the threshold, towards his light? And, in our turn, as little mirrors of God's love, do we succeed in illuminating the environments in which we live with words and gestures of life? Do we witness to the hope and joy of Jesus?" 

"May Mary, Mother of hope, renew in us the joy of not feeling alone and the call to bring light to the darkness that surrounds us," he concluded, before praying the Angelus.

Ukraine, Mississippi, Turkey and Syria, Peru, Turkey and Syria.

After the recitation of the Marian prayer, Pope Francis revealed that "yesterday, the Solemnity of the Annunciation, we have renewed consecration to the Immaculate Heart of MaryWe are confident that the way to peace will be opened. Let us continue to pray for the suffering Ukrainian people".

The Roman Pontiff also prayed that "we remain close to those who have suffered from the earthquake in Turkey and Syria, collaborating with parishes, and also pray for the people of Mississippi devastated by a tornado" in the United States. 

The Pope also greeted the Romans and pilgrims from many countries, "especially from Spain, Madrid and Pamplona, and also Mexicans and Peruvians, renewing the prayer for reconciliation in Peru, so that it may have peace".

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

Cinema

Antonio CuadriOblate women break people's stereotypes".

Antonio Cuadri is the director of the film "Si todas las puertas se cierran", an exciting film project with a very clear message: the gratuitousness of love.

Paloma López Campos-March 26, 2023-Reading time: 4 minutes

There is a film that "tells the story of three women, apparently separated in time and space, but who end up converging in their process to find themselves. The three will have to listen to an inner call that requires them to face their fears and be the true protagonists of their lives, opening new paths of transformation and liberation". This is how they explain on the web page the plot of "If all doors are closed"the new film by Antonio Cuadri.

Cuadri is a screenwriter and film director. Among his works there are titles such as "La gran vida", "El corazón de la tierra" or "Thomas vive". Now he presents his new project, involved with the Oblate Sisters of the Most Holy Redeemer.

The Oblates live in community and dedicate their lives to bringing the Gospel to women in prostitution and/or victims of trafficking. Their founder inspires the message of this film, as Antonio Cuadri explains in this interview with Omnes.

How did you decide to carry out this project?

-This project has its roots nine or ten years ago. My wife is a social educator and an operative and volunteer collaborator with the religious congregation of the Oblates of the Most Holy Redeemer. I came into contact with the work of these nuns and was very impressed. I witnessed the accompaniment they provided.

They try to socially integrate women in prostitution, especially those who are victims of trafficking. They do a wonderful job, very quietly and silently. They break the stereotype that many people have of nuns indoctrinating misguided girls. It's not like that at all.

Movie poster

The humble and silent attitude, the accompaniment, impressed me a lot. Then we began to see the possibility of doing a volunteer action through a film.

A few years after that first contact, the Oblates were celebrating in Ciempozuelos (Madrid, Spain) the 150th anniversary of the opening of the first shelter they opened, in the 19th century. On this occasion, I wrote a short play, which has been the origin of the script of "Si todas las puertas se cierran" (If all the doors close).

Already at that time it was envisaged that March 2022 to March 2023 would be the year of the bicentenary of the birth of the founder, Antonia María de Oviedo y Shönthal.

The story of the founder is wonderful, like a movie. With a lot of effort and dedication, and with the selfless collaboration of many people, both the technical team and the artists, we have made this film a reality.

What was the most important thing in writing this story?

-There are two Oblate nuns, Marisa Cotolí and Inmaculada Ruiz de Balugera, who have collaborated with Claudio Crespo and myself, who are the scriptwriters.

The most important thing in writing the script was to be faithful to the charism and mission of the Oblates, to their focus. This is the accompaniment and the help.

They did not want to make a film about the history of the foundress, but about the actuality and the survival of Mother Antonia's work and message today.

We wanted to make something very lively. In fact, the script is structured on three levels. On the one hand, there is the story of the founder in the 19th century, which is the period part. And from there we jump to two current stories, all based on real events. There is the story of a Nigerian woman in Spain, a victim of trafficking, and that of a young teacher who helps the daughter of this woman. They come into contact with the Oblates and from there they connect with the foundress.

Why is Mother Antonia's story relevant today? What is the message that Mother Antonia can bring us today, so many years later?

-I believe that, although it is not very fashionable, love, gratuitousness in love in the key of the Christian message, is something eternal. It could be a paradox for many people who perhaps do not know enough about the Church's social action. I think that giving visibility to this message is very interesting.

The story of the film is very delicate. You talk about prostitution, children with childhood depression... Are there special difficulties in bringing such a story to the big screen?

-I think the limit is in good taste. You have to suggest rather than show. We have to do it in a very respectful way, but at the same time, in a very brave way. We are showing a very hard reality, but we are aware that we are showing a story of overcoming. There is a positive message: if all the doors are opened, something opens in the end. It is an encouraging, luminous message.

We are at the antipodes of what could be a morbid treatment. Reality is shown, it is quite evident, but we are guided by elegance, by good taste, and always raising that door of hope.

What are you looking forward to with this project and what do you hope viewers will take home with them?

-It would be nice if viewers could get to know the work of the Oblates. In a world full of so many interests, it is nice to invite the viewers to look at these women who do their work with such great faith and affection.

Secondly, the project is a call to volunteerism. And finally, it would be great if the public could grasp the call to love that is in this story. It is very moving to see how these women, moved by their faith, deeply feel the pain of others. womenThey do not stop there, but act and dedicate their lives to offering other alternatives and social integration.

All this seems to me important enough to invite viewers to see the film. The profits are at the service of the social work of the Oblates. But I want it to be known that going to the cinema to see this film is, in a way, to support the project they have.

This film seeks to move, but not emotion for emotion's sake. It is an emotion shared with empathy and with the wonderful capacity for solidarity that the Oblates have.

Cinema

To see: "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel" and "Ted Lasso".

Two proposals to watch at home this March: "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel" and "Ted Lasso".

Patricio Sánchez-Jáuregui-March 26, 2023-Reading time: < 1 minute

The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel

Miriam "Midge" Maisel, a stylish and settled New York wife, mother and homemaker, dawns one day to the hecatomb of a husband suffering from an aggravated mid-life crisis of infidelity. Midge discovers then, and by accident, her vocation and new life: monologist.

Set in the late 1950s and early 1960s, this TV series is period comedy-drama, with special emphasis on fabulous aesthetics, well-constructed characters and well-crafted dialogue.

Created by Amy Sherman-Palladino (Gilmore Girls), it premiered in 2017 and has been acclaimed by audiences and critics alike leading up to the premiere of what will be its fifth and final season (April 2023).

The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel

Creator: Amy Sherman-Palladino
Key playersRachel Brosnahan
PlatformAmazon Prime Video

Ted Lasso

The good-natured series that will fix your psychological problems without the need to change your couch for the therapist's is back. Coffee for everyone and remember that the important thing is to smile, love and be kind. Chronic positivity and a cowboy accent. Those are just a few of the characteristics of this American sports comedy-drama.

Ted Lasso is a college soccer coach hired as a Premier League coach. Rejected outright by the media and fans, his eternal optimism and blind faith in human beings will boost the morale of the team, the city and the journalists.

This acclaimed series has carved a niche for itself in a television grid full of drama and morbidity, a hypersensitive generation and a generalized desire for escape.

Premiering in 2020, we are on the verge of the premiere of its third season.

Ted Lasso

CreatorJason Sudeikis, Bill Lawrence, Brendan Hunt and Joe Kelly
Key playersSudeikis
Platform: Apple TV
The Vatican

Pope confirms policy to fight sexual abuse with definitive "Vos estis lux mundi".

The Holy See has published the new version of the motu proprio "Vos estis lux mundi", which comes into force on April 30 and repeals the previous one. "ad experimentum" on May 7, 2019. A fact that confirms the will to continue the fight against sexual abuse.

Maria José Atienza-March 25, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

"Vos estis lux mundi" has been, since 2019, the framework document in which the entire Catholic Church has established the consequent protocols for welcoming, listening, healing and denouncing in cases of sexual abuse by consecrated persons: religious, priests or nuns.

Now, Pope Francis has confirmed this line of action with the publication of the definitive version of this document aimed at preventing and combating the phenomenon of sexual abuse within the Catholic Church.

– Supernatural new version of the Motu Proprio "Vos estis lux mundi"will enter into force on April 30 and repeals the preceding one of May 2019. Among the key novelties included in this new document is the inclusion of the responsibility of lay people who have been moderators of associations of the faithful, the change of term and definition of "vulnerable adults" or the inclusion of abuse of power as another of the offenses.

News of the definitive version of "Vos estis lux mundi".

Responsibility of the laity

The new version of this Motu Proprio introduces a significant novelty referring specifically to "Title II", with the provisions concerning the responsibilities of bishops, religious superiors and clerics entrusted with the guidance of a particular Church or prelature.

On this point, the new version includes responsibilities also for "lay faithful who are or have been moderators of international associations of the faithful recognized or erected by the Apostolic See, for acts committed" while exercising their office.

Another novel point concerns the expansion of the definition of "vulnerable" adults. While the 2019 document spoke of "sexual acts with a minor or a vulnerable person," this new version speaks of "offense against the VI commandment of the Decalogue committed with a minor or with a person who habitually has an imperfect use of reason or with a vulnerable adult."

Another modification concerns the protection of the person who reports an alleged abuse: while previously it was stated that the person who reports the abuse cannot be bound to silence, now it is added that this protection must also be extended to "the person who claims to be offended and to witnesses".

Presumption of innocence and abuse of authority

It also reinforces the part that calls for safeguarding "the legitimate protection of the good name and private sphere of all persons involved", as well as the presumption of innocence for those under investigation pending the determination of their responsibilities.

The new version of "Vos estis lux mundi" also specifies that dioceses and eparchies must have "bodies and offices" - the old text spoke more generically of "stable systems" - easily accessible to the public to receive reports of abuse. And it is also specified that the task of proceeding with the investigation is the duty of the bishop of the place where the reported events are said to have occurred.

In the same way, in 2019 it was already established in a precise way how to behave in the face of accusations of abuse cases and ensure that bishops and religious superiors - now also the laity at the head of international associations - are accountable for their actions and are obliged - with a universally established legal precept - to report abuses of which they have become aware.

The document included and continues to include not only nuisance and violence against minors and vulnerable adults, but also refers to sexual violence and nuisance arising from abuse of authority. Therefore, this obligation also includes any case of violence against women religious by clerics, as well as the case of molestation of seminarians or novices of legal age.

A large part of the modifications of this new version have been introduced to harmonize the text of the procedures against abuses with the other normative reforms introduced from 2019 until today, in particular with the revision of the motu proprio "Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela"; with the modifications of the Book VI of the Code of Canon Law and with the new Constitution on the Roman Curia, "...".Praedicate Evangelium".

The 2019 document

On May 7, 2019, Pope Francis issued the apostolic letter in the form of Motu Proprio "Vos estis lux mundi" which established the fundamental guidelines of the Catholic Church in the fight against and prevention of sexual abuse by clerics and religious.

Among the norms included at the time was the obligation for all dioceses to have "stable and publicly accessible systems for reporting cases of sexual abuse and cover-ups," the introduction of reporting procedures in the case of abuse by a bishop, and going a step further in the consideration of "vulnerable persons" and the establishment of listening and reception systems.

Already at that time, the document was established as experimental for a three-year period. It has been in force for little more than four years. The culmination of the reform of the curia and the subsequent promulgation of Praedicate Evangelium has been key in the redefinition of this document.

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Integral ecology

Ecology of life

Integral ecology cannot look the other way when it comes to defending human life in all its ages and in all its conditions.

Emilio Chuvieco / Maria Carmen Molina / Paulina Nuñez-March 25, 2023-Reading time: 4 minutes

March 25 is the commemoration of the Day for Life. From the Diocesan Commission of Integral Ecology of Madrid, It seems to us a good time to remember the sacred value of all life.

We find it paradoxical that it is necessary to dedicate a day to remember a right that is the basis of all other rights: without the right to life, there is no other right.

As happens in similar celebrations, March 25 gives us the opportunity to remember the importance of what we are celebrating and to vindicate what still remains to be achieved.

Throughout history, rights have been achieved gradually: first came the abolition of slavery, then the legal independence of women, then civil rights for marginalized populations, people of other races or religions.

Unfortunately, not in all countries is this extension of the moral frontier ensured, not in all countries is there equality before the law with respect to minority groups, not in all countries do women have the same opportunities as men, and in many countries the most basic human rights continue to be disregarded.

It is also sad to recall that in most of the countries we consider socially advanced, not all human beings are still guaranteed the right to life, which is both shocking and surprising, almost inconceivable.

Modern science knows enough about the early stages of embryonic development to affirm, without any doubt, that once fertilization has taken place, the resulting being has a genuinely human genetic load, different from that of its biological parents, and perfectly autonomous, in the sense that it does not need something external to complete it, only to nourish it.

Between the fertilization and birth nothing biologically relevant occurs to establish a before and after in the process of "humanization" of that gestating embryo.

On the other hand, the dependence of that child cannot justify deciding about them at will: after all, they will also be dependent on their mother many days after birth.

Discussing the viability of a human embryo, when intrauterine treatments and operations are now being performed, does not contribute anything to the substance of the discussion either; moreover, it seems that the discussion is no longer even necessary, since some consider the debate closed.

The vast majority of citizens of Western countries assume as morally acceptable the abortionThe elimination of a human being in gestation, whose right to life is placed below other rights that are presented as conflicting: necessity, autonomy, immaturity or carelessness are considered sufficient reasons to end the life of someone who a few months later will be a human being like any of us.

Certainly, the economic difficulties, the youth of the pregnant women and the situations of violence that sometimes occur around a pregnancy must be taken into account. In this sense, the aim is not so much to prosecute as to protect those who are most vulnerable.

The pro-life movements not only denounce, but also get involved, to support -economically and psychologically- those who go through difficult situations. Seeing now the photos of 14 or 15 year olds who, without this support, would have been aborted, who would not exist, is an incontestable human argument to continue defending the life of the human being in gestation.

– Supernatural ecology is the science of life, of the relationships of dependence between living beings, of biodiverse systems, where everyone receives something and puts something in, where there should be no exclusions. Children in gestation do not yet seem to be part of the moral community that guarantees their continuity: everything is left to the parents' criteria.

But a human life, every life, cannot be an instrument for anything else, it has an inviolable dignity, it must be protected, precisely because it is the most vulnerable.

Integral ecology cannot look the other way when it comes to defending human life in all its ages, in all its conditions: there are no worthy and unworthy lives, it is not up to us to judge that; only to accept them with the welcome of those who receive a weak being and decide to take care of him.

Breaking the chain of life will have serious social and environmental consequences for our civilization.

As Pope Francis reminds us: "When the value of a poor person, of a human embryo, of a person with a disability - to give just a few examples - is not recognized in reality itself, it is difficult to hear the cries of nature itself. Everything is connected" (LS, n. 117). To respect life is to respect it in all its forms; it would make no sense to do so for the lives of other species, disregarding our own.

The logic of care is the same in one case and in the other, as well as the logic of contempt: "if you think abortion, euthanasia and the death penalty are acceptable, it will be difficult for your heart to care about the pollution of rivers and the destruction of the rainforest. And the reverse is also true. So, even if people continue to vehemently maintain that these are problems of a different moral order, as long as they insist that abortion is justified, but desertification is not, or that euthanasia is wrong, but river pollution is the price of economic progress, we will remain stuck in the same lack of integrity that got us where we are" (Pope Francis, Let Us Dream Together: The Road to a Better Future World, 2020, 37).

The authorEmilio Chuvieco / Maria Carmen Molina / Paulina Nuñez

Madrid Diocesan Commission of Integral Ecology

Evangelization

Mila GlodavaThe Church in the Philippines aspires to be of the poor".

Mila Glodava, a native of the Philippines, has been working with her pastor and the Socio-Pastoral Institute, an agency of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, to introduce stewardship in her country.

Diego Zalbidea-March 25, 2023-Reading time: 11 minutes

Mila Glodava has just retired from active parish ministry to continue her stewardship missionary work in the Philippines, as well as her work in a charitable foundation. In 2019 she coordinated the first stewardship conference in Asia-Pacific, held in. Philippines and co-sponsored by the International Catholic Stewardship Council and the Socio-Pastoral Institute.

Former stewardship director for St. Vincent de Paul Parish in Denver (Colorado), Mila had been its director of communications and stewardship since 2014. She held the latter position for more than 25 years at St. Thomas More Parish in Centennial (Colorado). Under her leadership, along with the pastor, Andrew, her parish received numerous awards, including the Archbishop Thomas Murphy Award in 2007.

Since 2002, Mila, a native of the Philippines, has been working with Andrew and the Socio-Pastoral Institute, an agency of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, to introduce stewardship in her country. In 2009, she and Andrew wrote a book entitled "Making Stewardship a Way of Life: A Complete Guide for Catholic Parishes", published by Our Sunday Visitor.

Mila holds a Bachelor's degree in Education from St. Paul University in Manila, and in 2015, after many years of service, she completed a Master's degree in Theology from the "Augustine Institute". of Denver. She and her husband, Mark, have two children and four grandchildren.

What distinguishes the most generous people?

-For me, they are the happiest people. They spread vibrancy and face problems with a sense of confidence and hope. They also feel that God has blessed them immensely and are grateful for their many blessings: their life, health, faith, family, education, work, friends, the beauty of creation and many more.

What can a pastor do to help his faithful to be more generous?

-Short answer, he himself must be generous! Long answer: He must be the first person to give! Parishioners will take their pastor's generosity as a role model. Why? Because they know that priests don't make a lot of money. They teach by example. Pope St. Paul VI in his Evangelii Nuntiandi n. 41 wrote that "Modern man listens more willingly to witnesses than to teachers, and if he listens to teachers it is because they are witnesses." Of course, he must also understand that what he offers is born of thanksgiving for the countless blessings received from God.

If a pastor has not introduced stewardship as a way of life in his parish, I encourage him to do so. The U.S. Catholic bishops argued in their Pastoral Letter "Stewardship: A Disciple's Response"(USCCB, 1992), that stewardship, as the title indicates, is about a disciple's response to the invitation to follow Jesus and the universal call to holiness. Thus, stewardship involves much more than simply giving money and being generous.

What can a busy parent do to live better as a co-responsible disciple?

-First of all, loving our children is the best way to live as a stewardship disciple and teach by example, especially the virtues of gratitude and generosity. A very important lesson you can teach your children is to be grateful for what you have, especially in a world that continually pushes to achieve the things you want. I have often said in my sessions in various countries that "stewardship is a Christian way of life, a life of thanksgiving for God's countless blessings".

To what extent is the daily life of the faithful prepared to develop stewardship?

-I believe that a life of prayer and Eucharist, which means "thanksgiving," is the best way to develop stewardship. That's why when we teach our stewardship model at St. Thomas More Parish (Denver), we tend to put a lot of emphasis on beginning by making time for God in prayer and worship, and thereby developing a deeper relationship of love for God. With this love, one need not worry too much about doing something beautiful for God. This is very evident in a loving relationship such as that of husband and wife. We do things for each other because of our love for each other.

The same is also true for our children. I still remember a gesture of affection from my son while I was waiting for him after school. As he got off the school bus, he saw a beautiful yellow dandelion, which is actually a weed, in our front yard. He picked one up and gave it to me saying, "I love you, Mom!" And who is our best example of love but Jesus Christ himself who died on the cross for us! Andrew Kemberling, with whom I have written "Making Stewardship a Way of Life: A Complete Guide for Catholic Parishes" ("Our Sunday Visitor," 2009), often says, "He [Jesus Christ] paid a debt he didn't owe, because we owed a debt we couldn't pay." So how can we repay him? By giving him back our time, talent and treasure, in thanksgiving for what he has done for us.

What have been your best co-responsibility experiences?

-My best experience of stewardship is my own personal conversion. Stewardship was definitely a challenge for me, because not only did I not know much about stewardship, I didn't live it either. However, if you knew my personality, you would know that I love to take on challenges. Although we used the word stewardship, the challenge for me at the time was to increase the offertory collection. Besides, I am an apprentice! The Gallup StrengthFinder (a survey to know our talents) said that learning is, in fact, my greatest strength. Therefore, I was determined to learn more about stewardship. 

In 1989, stewardship programs were not at all common in the U.S. Church. In fact, the U.S. Catholic bishops did not write the pastoral letter on stewardship that I mentioned earlier until 1992. When I was asked to review it prior to publication, I could not accept because I did not feel I had the expertise to do so.

Nevertheless, there were some pioneering initiatives, but they were extremely rare. Moreover, all the literature that could be found was written by Protestants. At that time, however, all these aids were enough to get me started, and the result was convincing enough for us to continue the program year after year and develop it to what it is today.

However, it was not until 1991 that I experienced a conversion to stewardship as a way of life, not from any priest, but from a parishioner, Jean Harper. As I was writing her story for our newsletter, I felt the Holy Spirit stir something within me. Jean's conversion story made me realize that, although I had been a Catholic from the cradle, I had not prioritized God in my life. I also realized that, for me, giving was an act of pride in having something to share, rather than an act of thanksgiving for all that God had given me.

At that time, we had no money to spare either. Even though Mark and I worked, money was coming in one hand and going out the other. What made me rethink our way of life was the verse Jean quoted from Malachi, chapter 3, verse 10: "Bring the full tithe into the treasure house, that there may be food in my Temple. Test me in this," says the Lord of hosts, "Will I not then open for you the floodgates of heaven, and pour out blessings without rate?

I had heard this verse many times, but I never gave it much importance; I had never assimilated it. Didn't Jesus answer when he was tempted by the devil that "Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God"? (Mt 4:7) But this time I heard it in a different way. God wants me to put him to the test. He was challenging me to offer the tithe.

At home, after dinner, I read Jean's story to Mark. I wasn't sure if he was really paying attention, but he didn't say "no" when I hinted "we have to dare": give God the tithe, first and foremost. We did. And our life was never the same after that. Does that mean we've never had any difficulties in life since we started embracing stewardship? On the contrary. In our 50 years of married life, Mark was laid off at least four times. I can tell you that it was very hard to survive on a church employee's salary (although I have to admit that Father Andrew, who practiced what he preached, adjusted salaries in the parish according to responsibilities).

However, the 1991 recession in the U.S. was a real test for us, because we had just started tithing! When Mark lost his job, we faced a dilemma: should we continue or not to give what we knew was a significant amount to the Church and to some chosen charitable causes? We decided to continue, but we had to review our priorities in life, trusting that God would provide for our needs.And guess what? He did. Indeed, God provided for our needs during the five years that Mark, an electrical engineer, was unable to find a job in his field. However, we had food on our table, our mortgage was paid, our children had clothes to wear, and they finished high school at that time. It's true: "God is not to be outdone in generosity."

Today, I am happy to say that with over 50 years of marriage, God has blessed us in countless ways, including four grandchildren by our children, Kirsten and Kevin, and their spouses. Of course, God has blessed us with so much more, but it would take me too much time and space to mention them all.

Why is money not the main issue in stewardship?

-It is a pity that stewardship is often identified with money or fundraising. This is due to the fact that the early and even late movers used the word only when they wanted to increase the Mass collection. In fact, that is precisely how we used it when we started stewardship at St. Thomas More (my parish), because offerings were trending downward. The good news was that we did not stop at the need to increase those collections. We continued to embrace and develop stewardship with time, talent and treasure. This made money only one-third of the stewardship program.

During Andrew Kemberling's time as pastor, we emphasized time spent in prayer rather than attaching it to talent. We also added stewardship of faith, vocation and land, making money only one-sixth of St. Thomas More's stewardship model. In reality, these phases more closely match the substance of what the Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) wrote in its pastoral letter. In fact, the bishops also described how we can be stewards of the Church (faith), stewards of vocation and stewards of creation (earth).

How does stewardship affect a parish?

-Let me describe to you an objective observer, Luciano Pili, a Filipino priest who visited the parish of St. Thomas More on the instructions of Bishop Julio X. Labayen, OCD, of the Infanta Prelature. I happened to mention my work as Director of Communications and Stewardship at Santo Tomas Moro in a clergy meeting in 2000. Bishop Labayen was curious and wanted to know more about my work. Hence Pili's visit, along with other clergy and religious, to St. Thomas More.

"We found in St. Thomas More Parish, led by Andrew Kemberling," said Pili, "a vibrant and dynamic parish, with a model of Church that had successfully integrated the spirituality of stewardship into all facets of church community life, including prayer life, ecology, vocations, volunteerism, finances, leadership, and liturgical and sacramental life. They used as their guide a paradigm shift: the need to give, rather than giving for a need."

I absolutely agree with Pili's observation. St. Thomas More is a praying, welcoming, serving, giving and celebrating community, eager to know their faith, live it and share it. With stewardship, parishioners are prepared and ready to "go and make disciples," to evangelize. Most importantly, Pili believed that stewardship was the key to the sustainability of the Church of the poor, which has been shown since they adopted the "new way of being Church, a community of disciples, the Church of the poor".

A priest who attended our first conference in 2003 on "Sustainability of the Church of the Poor" heard the message of stewardship, embraced it and shared it with his parishioners, who enthusiastically received the message and embraced it as well. His example inspired other parishes and a growing number of dioceses, until it became a movement that the Bishops' Conference of the Philippines could no longer ignore.

As a result, and after more than 20 years, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines finally adopted it with a Pastoral Instruction on Stewardship and also created the Office of Stewardship in 2021. That text also stated that the Philippine Church was already willing to try to change the system of fees or stipends for the administration of the sacraments, practiced for five hundred years. They had been trying at least since the Second Plenary Council of the Philippines, although they could not find the means to replace the amounts previously obtained. Only after practicing co-responsibility in the parishes and finally in the dioceses did they succeed in replacing this way of sustaining the Church. 

What does stewardship have to do with synodality?

-My idea of synodality is that it is about the renewal of the Church in "Communion, Participation and Mission". It is guided by listening, judgment and action from the grassroots. There is no doubt that co-responsibility and synodality have something in common. I will give just one example of all this happening in the Philippine Church.

To celebrate 500 years of Christianity, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) issued in January 2021 a Pastoral Instruction on Stewardship which offers concrete proof that the Philippine Church is seeking renewal. It all began, however, in 1991, when the Second Plenary Council of the Philippines (PCPII) declared that the Church in the Philippines should:

  1. Becoming a community of disciples;
  2. become the Church of the poor;
  3. to engage in integral evangelization.

In other words, the Church in the Philippines aspires to be a "new way of being Church, the Church of the poor". St. John XXIII used this phrase at the Second Vatican Council in 1962. Bishop Labayen of the Infanta Prelature and the Federation of Asian Bishops adopted it in 1975, and in 1991, PCPII proclaimed: "Following the way of the Lord, we choose to be the Church of the poor".

However, ten years later, during the 2001 National Pastoral Consultation on Church Renewal, an evaluation of their progress as a "Church of the Poor" gave rise to mixed reviews. Some did not want to call themselves "Church of the Poor" and wanted nothing to do with it. Others did not want to change the model of "Christianity" to "Church of the Poor". Others, like Bishop Labayen, accused of being a communist because of his love for the poor, wanted the latter model and took steps to make it a reality. Although it took a few years, Bishop Labayen's initiative on the model of the "Church of the poor" began to gain momentum. This also resulted in my active collaboration with Bishop Labayen.

In 2002, Bishop Labayen delved deeper into co-responsibility as a way of life. This is where listening, judging and acting proved essential. Bishop Labayen listened, judged and acted on how stewardship was the key to the sustainability of "the Church of the Poor," the new way of being Church. He shared all he learned about stewardship as a way of life with other bishops and the rest, as they say, is history.

The CBCP Pastoral Statement on Stewardship promised three things: 1) commit to education, formation and catechesis in the Spirituality of Stewardship, 2) adopt a concrete stewardship program in the dioceses to replace the "tariff" as soon as possible, and 3) create a support team to help dioceses implement a stewardship program. This was a tall order. However, the bishops' determination to deliver on their promises has been real. In July 2021, the CBCP fulfilled its promise No. 3, creating the Episcopal Office of Stewardship, now headed by Bishop Broderick Pabillo, formerly Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Manila, and now Vicar Apostolic of the Apostolic Vicariate of Taytay. The Office of Stewardship also aimed to fulfill the first of the promises, and began immediately with a webinar for the dioceses, which continues to be held today.

In fact, co-responsibility as a way of life is not only bringing about a personal conversion, but also a structural transformation, especially in terms of accountability and transparency.

Former CBCP president Archbishop Socrates Villegas (Archdiocese of Lingayen-Dagupan) was one of the many bishops who implemented stewardship in his dioceses. His diocese used the word "Pananabangan" instead of "stewardship". He believes in that it is possible to "live a courageous life of generous giving, without going back to the old system, without being afraid." His diocese aspires to provide a "stronger and more viable structure to build a more professional system and relationship with our parishioners as active and engaged members in the life and mission of the Church." As a summary he asserts that "the Church will not have a poker with "pananabangan". The Church will be more credible, more prophetic and more Christ-like with "pananabangan".

In addition, the CBCP adopted the theme ".Gifted to give"The fruits of Christianity that the Church in the Philippines received 500 years ago are now ripe for sharing the gift of faith with other nations, fulfilling point 3 of PCPII, integral evangelization. The fruits of Christianity that the Church in the Philippines received 500 years ago are now ripe for sharing the gift of faith with other nations, fulfilling point 3 of PCPII, integral evangelization. This is, in fact, the essence of synodality: "Communion, Participation and Mission".

Can stewardship take root in other countries outside the United States?

-I have no doubt about it. However, it was not evident to me when I first brought the message of Stewardship to the Infanta Prelature and eventually to the whole Church in the Philippines.

Do children have something to teach us about stewardship?

-Absolutely! At St. Thomas More, not only did we promote the children's offerings, but we also began to call to the altar the children of the children. children during the offertory collection. While the older children gave from their allowance, the younger ones used to put their parents' gifts in the offertory. The children's offertory collection went into a special charity account, which was distributed to charities that the children studied and researched with the help of their teachers, catechists or youth pastors. Most of the time, what the children wanted was to help the poor, especially poor children. Over time, parents who did not make regular contributions ended up following their children's example.

The authorDiego Zalbidea

Professor of Canon Property Law, University of Navarra, Spain

Experiences

Mariano Ugarte: "The illness of a child affects many people".

The illness and death of his third son led Mariano and his family to found the Pablo Ugarte Association. Through this Foundation, there are many people who, with their contribution, support research projects on childhood cancer and, in addition, advise and facilitate information and procedures for families in similar situations. 

Arsenio Fernández de Mesa-March 24, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

Mariano is a captain in the Spanish Navy. He misses sailing, something he hasn't done for ten years, but he is immensely happy. He has been married to Dori since 1986 and together they have five children: Dori, Mariano, Pablo, Quique and Marta. The third, Pablo, is waiting for them in heaven. 

Pablo was born in 2000 and passed away in 2010. "He was a very normal kid. Very handsome, animated, very lively". 

One day, Pablo began to feel pain in his hip. He was diagnosed with a bone tumor: Ewing's sarcoma, which, in case of relapse, has almost a one hundred percent mortality rate. Both he and his wife said: "It's treated, it's cured and that's all there is to it." They handled the illness phenomenally well, in good spirits. 

The child continued to attend school and missed friends in the seasons when he was unable to attend.

Mariano was convinced that Pablo would overcome his illness. He prayed and was sure that, with the help of prayer, Pablo would be cured. "But salvation is another, it is not centered on the material."he notes. Pablo's illness became complicated and he died in Madrid a year and a half after his diagnosis. "When Paul was about to pass away, I would touch and caress him thinking: I am touching the body of someone who is going to be with God shortly."Mariano, who confesses how he "losing a loved one, a child, helpless, who you've been telling is going to get well, it's hard." 

The moment of his death gave rise to great inner peace, because they knew that they had done everything possible and that their son had been accompanied. 

Mariano does not forget the immense affection he has received: "The Armada, friends, colleagues, acquaintances, neighbors of Colmenar Viejo, everyone got involved. A child's illness affects not only a few but many: the school, soccer, theater, judo, the neighborhood. Everyone feels the disease as their own", he proudly confesses.

His eldest daughter was 14 years old when Pablo passed away. "We didn't give them a chance to think about it too much or to fall apart, and two days later they were all in school, with no chance to protest. We had to get on with life, Mariano assures. 

He recalls how, in Paul's last days on earth, the doctor told them that there was nothing to be done: "I was not able to do anything.When I got that news I thought he was joking, because I saw my son looking phenomenal."

This "non-stop" was what made him turned on the light bulb: "I couldn't stand still.". After Pablo's death he asked the oncologist what they could do to support research projects. This led them to a doctor who did research in a different way and they created a group of people to support this research. "In two days 400 people showed up and we couldn't just send money, just like that, to an investigator." Mariano recalls. Thus was born the Pablo Ugarte Association, through which this money is channeled and they support childhood cancer research projects. Pablo passed away on November 27, 2010, and the first meeting of the foundation was on Sunday, January 16, 2011, which coincided with his birthday.

Since then, the Pablo Ugarte Association has been growing, helping research in all aspects. Talking to parents of sick children, Mariano tells them: "I'm not a psychologist, I can give you a hand, tell you my experiences, tell you what I've been through". Try to help them and make them see the possibilities. They have 29 research projects throughout Spain. "We support them in many ways. Guiding them on where one tumor or another is best treated or if they need second opinions. We have a good group of doctors who give them their opinion. We have also been able to expedite appointments." says Mariano.

When children come from places that do not have referral hospitals, they talk to the doctors and they receive them as soon as possible. Many people participate in the Pablo Ugarte Association. They are transparent with what they do with their money, explaining who donates and what the money they receive is used for. "We enjoy great confidence from the people who belong to this precious initiative." Mariano points out.

A family whose suffering has not blocked or paralyzed them, but has served as a stimulus to help so many others. I'm sure Paul is looking down proudly on them from Heaven.

Resources

Riches of the Roman Missal: the Sundays of Lent (V)

The Roman Missal encourages us today to ask for the grace to walk toward God following the loving example of Christ.

Carlos Guillén-March 24, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

We are entering what was formerly called the "Passion Season," characterized by the covering of crosses and images in churches. These symbols intensify our experience of the proximity of the Lord's Passion, put us on the way with Him and call us to a greater detachment.

In this context, the Church prays:

We ask you, O Lord our God, that with your help we may go forward with courage towards that same love that moved your Son to give himself up to death for the salvation of the world.Quaésumus, Dómine Deus noster,ut in illa caritáte, qua Fílius tuus díligens mundum morti se trádiditinveniámur ipsi, te opitulánte, alácriter ambulantes.

Once again we are faced with a Collect that was written for the Missal of Paul VI, with three particularities. The first is that it was inspired by a text of the Hispanic Rite, which rereads in the key of prayer a verse of the Letter to the EphesiansWalk in love, just as Christ loved us and gave himself up for us as an oblation and a sweet-smelling offering before God" (Eph 5:2). The second is its structure, in which the petition takes precedence and within it are inserted both the invocation and the anamnesis. The third is that it is the first Sunday collection of Lent that makes explicit reference to the death of the Lord.

The Son who gave his life for love

The Missal collects frequently use the verb quaésumus (we ask), but rarely as a heading. In doing so today the Church leads us to emphasize the absolute necessity we have to ask for what we lack. From our littleness we turn to God with all solemnity calling Him Dómine Deus. But we confidently add nosterIt is "ours" because, in taking the first step, He wanted us to be His people. It is "ours" because, by taking the first step, he wanted us to be his people. Relying on the firmness of the divine will, we have the assurance that God will remain faithful to his covenant.

Prayer reminds the Father of the immense charity with which her Son loved us and gave himself up to death, in order to institute a covenant even more favorable to us. The construction of the personal pronoun plus the verb in the present indicative tense to trádidit (he gave himself) announces to us precisely that no one takes life from Jesus, but that, moved by love, he gives it freely, because that is why he came into the world (cf. Jn. 10:18; 15; 13; Mk. 10:45). It also speaks to us of a real, historical fact that is made sacramentally present in every celebration.

St. John Paul II teaches in the encyclical Ecclesia de Eucharistia that "when the Church celebrates the EucharistIn the memorial of the death and resurrection of his Lord, this central event of salvation is made truly present and "the work of our redemption is accomplished. This sacrifice is so decisive for the salvation of the human race that Jesus Christ accomplished it and returned to the Father only after having left us the means to participate in it, as if we had been present. Thus, every faithful person can take part in it, obtaining fruit inexhaustibly".

Walking in love

The foundation on which we can raise our petition to God is the firmest possible. As St. Paul says: "He who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all, how will he not with him give us all things" (Rom 8:32). That is why there is no qualm in saying that we hope to get what we ask for, opitulant teaWe are counting on you, Lord, to help us, counting on the help of your grace, without which we could do nothing.

The great request that the Church makes to God this Sunday is that he find us walking courageously in the same charity of his Son. Once again, this Collect conveys the idea of movement by referring to the wayfarers (ambulant) and the adverb alacriterreinforcing the lively, vivacious character of this walk, as if in a crescendo as Easter approaches.

We have nothing greater to ask for in our prayer than that theological virtue which surpasses all others and which most identifies us with God. As Benedict XVI wrote in his first encyclical: "If the ancient world had dreamed that, in the end, man's true nourishment - that for which man lives - was the Logosthe eternal wisdom, now this Logos has become for us true food, as love. The Eucharist draws us into the oblative act of Jesus. We do not only passively receive the Logos We are not only incarnated, but we are involved in the dynamics of his self-giving.

To celebrate the sacred mysteries along the Lenten journey is, therefore, to allow ourselves to be involved in this self-giving; to clothe ourselves, by grace, with that same charity of Christ, which moves us to give our lives for God and for others. In the concrete experience of this charity we will find the touchstone for knowing how our Lenten conversion is going.

The authorCarlos Guillén

Priest from Peru. Liturgist.

Spain

Church support for 4 million people in Xtantos 2023 campaign

The Church in Spain launches on Monday the campaign Xtantos 2023 with the slogan "Por ellos, por ti, por tantos" (For them, for you, for so many), which encourages to mark the Church box in the income tax return. Behind each 'X' there is a story, represented this year by five people who found help in the Catholic Church: Ruth, Angela, Halyna, Jose and Father Ramon.

Francisco Otamendi-March 23, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

Ruth, Ángela, Halyna, José and Father Ramón represent close to four million people that the Church helps every year in Spain, through parishes and its various charitable and assistance centers. In moments of desperation and difficulty, they found the support they needed. At Xtantos.es you can listen to a summary of their story.

In short, Ruth came out of the abuse thanks to the "push" she received from her friends in the parish. Angela, who stars in the main poster, has Down's syndrome and now feels independent since she lives in a Church apartment in Talavera de la Reina (Toledo). Halyna is Ukrainian and had to take her daughter and two grandchildren to escape the bombs, and the Church has provided them with a new life in Spain.

Jose went through prison, the Legion and ended up in construction, where an accident changed his life. In the parish they feed him and he has found a family and a place to live. Ramón is now a priest, but he lived in the world of drugs until he attempted suicide at the age of 17. The young priest who was in his parish gave him the strength to change.

Investment less than 1 %

The campaign will start next Monday, March 27th, a few days before taxpayers can file their income tax returns (the deadline opens on April 11th). The closing of the campaign will coincide with the end of the period established by the Tax Agency, June 30, as the last day to file the income tax return, explained at a press conference the director of the Secretariat for the Support of the Church of the Spanish Episcopal Conference (CEE), José María Albalad.

The CEE has worked on the media plan for the campaign with the agency Universal Media (IPG Mediabrands), developed with the support of TBWA, and contemplates an investment of 2,777,594 euros, which represents 0.87 % of the amount raised in the last year's campaignwhich amounted to more than 320 million euros. An amount that will allow "the Church to face the increase in social needs in a difficult economic context," as Fernando Giménez Barriocanal, Vice President for Economic Affairs of the EEC, emphasized. 

José María Albalad pointed out, to questions from journalists, that a good part of this amount is destined to the support of the clergy in the Spanish dioceses and to the welfare work of those millions of people most in need. The contribution that each diocese receives from the Tax Allocation represents around 22 % of the average total budget of the dioceses.

More solidarity than inflation

"Solidarity grows more than inflation," said José María Albalad, despite the fact that, according to official sources, the estimated annual CPI inflation in February 2023 was 6.1 %, in accordance with the leading indicator prepared by the INE. The newspaper Xtantos, published by the department of Albalad, with a circulation of almost one million copies, reports this topic in its headline: "Inflation resurrects the hunger queues".

A month ago, the EEC, in the presentation of the data for the 2022 Income Tax campaign, which corresponds to the 2021 fiscal year, the EEC noted a increase of more than 8.5 % of declarations in favor of the Church.

José María Albalad has stressed that "Marking the 'X' of the Church is a free decision that does not harm anyone and has no cost, because you are neither charged more nor refunded less. It is an exercise of fiscal democracy". In addition, he recalled that "you can simultaneously check the boxes of the Catholic Church and other social purposes".

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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Photo Gallery

A bell, voice of the unborn

Pope Francis blesses a bell symbolizing the voice of the unborn. It is a gift from the Polish foundation "Yes to Live" to Zambia, where it will be exhibited in various cities (CNS photo/Vatican Media).

Paloma López Campos-March 23, 2023-Reading time: < 1 minute

Pope Francis blesses a bell symbolizing the voice of the unborn. It is a gift from the Polish foundation "Yes to Live" to Zambia, where it will be exhibited in various cities (CNS photo/Vatican Media).

Photo Gallery

Pope Francis returns to St. Peter's Square

With the arrival of good weather, Pope Francis is once again holding his Wednesday general audience in St. Peter's Square (CNS photo/Vatican Media).

Paloma López Campos-March 23, 2023-Reading time: < 1 minute

With the arrival of good weather, Pope Francis is once again holding his Wednesday general audience in St. Peter's Square (CNS photo/Vatican Media).

The Vatican

Unity and peace for Europe, the dream of Pope Francis

The Pope stressed the need for a unity understood as an element that "respects and values the singularities, the peculiarities of peoples and cultures" for Europe.

Giovanni Tridente-March 23, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

Two great dreams, that of unity and that of peace for Europe. This is what Pope Francis confided in his audience with the participants in the Plenary Assembly of the Commission of the Bishops' Conferences of the European Union (COMECE)which has recently renewed its organs.

Dreams that already belonged to the "Dreams that already belonged to the "founding fathers"These are the inspiring values of the "Europe-project", which will once again be the horizon and point of reference for the coming years.

In particular - the Pontiff was implacable - "unity" is decisive, not understood as uniformity or homologation, but as an element that "respects and values the singularities, the peculiarities of peoples and cultures".

The richness of EuropaIn fact, "lies in the convergence of different sources of thought and historical experiences" and the continent will have a future if it is capable of being "truly a union and not a reduction of countries with their respective characteristics". In short, "unity in diversity", as the Holy Father has often repeated, in order to avoid the prevalence of bureaucracy or the technocratic paradigm, elements that do not enthuse people and even less attract the new generations.

Reading the signs of the times

In this challenge, the role of Christian inspiration remains central, and the Church is called to participate in this renaissance by forming people who "reading the signs of the times, know how to interpret the European project in today's history".

It is a time, today, when safeguarding peace remains central. And as the dramatic conflict in Ukraine continues, it is necessary to flank the many expressions of solidarity, exercised for example in welcoming refugees, with a "cohesive commitment to peace," aware that "war can no longer and must no longer be considered a solution to conflicts," as Pope Francis himself wrote in Fratelli tutti. Moreover, "if the countries of today's Europe do not share this ethical-political principle, it means that they have moved away from the original dream."

Values and professional contribution

Moreover, they must be up to the task, despite the fatigue and complexity of the historical situation we are currently experiencing. In this regard, the Commission of the Bishops' Conferences of the entire European continent must contribute its "professional value and contribution", with prophecy, farsightedness and creativity. A work for peace", the Pope concluded, where "both architects and artisans are needed"; indeed, where a true builder is both.

The COMECE is a body created in 1980, recognized by the Holy See, which brings together the European bishops for the instances concerning the policy and legislation of the European Union, not to be confused with the European Commission of the European Union. CCEEwhich is instead the Council of European Bishops' Conferences.

New chairmanship

The General Assembly held a few days ago to elect the new members of the Standing Committee, elected as President the Italian Bishop Mariano Crociata, until now Secretary of the Italian Bishops' Conference, who replaces Cardinal Jean Claude Hollerich at the end of his five-year term of office, and among other things General Rapporteur of the Synod of Bishops on Synodality.

Rimantas Norvila, bishop of LithuaniaNuno Bras da Silva Martins, bishop of Portugal; and Czeslaw Kozon, delegate of the bishops of the Scandinavian countries.

In his greeting to the Pontiff, the newly elected President reiterated the Commission's commitment to the weakest sectors of society, with special attention to the drama of migration and asylum requests, as well as attention to integral ecology and the issue of religious freedom.

On March 20, Comece had also signed a memorandum of understanding with the Federation of Catholic Family Associations of Europe (Fafce), chaired by Italian lawyer Vincenzo Bassi, to strengthen cooperation in the field of family policies at the European level.

Family

Juan de Dios LarrúLearning to love means learning to promise".

"Love, to which the Apostle Paul dedicated a hymn in the first letter to the Corinthians - "patient" love., "helpful", and that "everything supports" (1 Co 13, 4. 7)-, is certainly demanding.. Its beauty lies precisely in the fact that it is demanding, because in this way it constitutes the true good of man and radiates it also to others" (Letter to Families "Gratissimam Sane" of St. John Paul II, 1994).

Paloma López Campos-March 23, 2023-Reading time: 5 minutes

To speak of love is to speak of a topic, but it is also to speak of a way of life. "The whole of man's life is vocational" and this vocation, the divine call, is precisely an invitation to have a life rooted in love.

The answer to this call takes many different forms and one of them is marriage, the sacrament that unites man and woman to become one flesh. The importance of this is not insignificant and the priest Juan de Dios Larrú, president of the association, knows a lot about it. Person and Familydedicated, as described on its website, "to social promotion, research and training on marriage and the family".

In this interview with Omnes, Juan de Dios talks about this formation initiative, about sexuality and the call of the Church "to be a great family that generates, educates and accompanies all people towards Christ".

How and why was the association Person and Family born? The name is very reminiscent of the title of St. John Paul II, "Person and Action", is there any relationship with this saint?

-The Association was born in the year 2000, coinciding with the end of the first graduating class of couples and families completing the university specialty of family pastoral care. An experience that began in Spain in 1996 as a pilot experience.

It was born from the desire of the families to remain united. Having lived an experience of communion among them, who came from different parts of Spain, and wanted to continue in contact, promoting family ministry, deepening the formation they had received, but fundamentally with the apostolic vocation to bring to others what they had experienced. The importance of a family association is very great, because the root of society is the family and the Church is called to be a great family that generates, educates and accompanies all people towards Christ.

St. John Paul II on a trip to Krakow in 1979 (OSV News photo/CNS file, Chris Niedenthal)

"Person and Family" is related to. John Paul II because the university specialization in family pastoral care was born within the John Paul II Institute for Marriage and Family Studies. It is an experience inspired by the genius of John Paul II in his approach to marriage and the family. He had an experience as a young priest in his diocese of origin, in Krakow. And later, when he was elected successor of Peter, he offered to the whole Church the experience he had lived, creating the Institute in 1981 in Rome, with different sections all over the world. Here in Spain, in 1994 the Institute arrived in Valencia.

How did you come up with the idea of the experience and the diploma of specialization in family pastoral care?

-The Association was born with the vocation of forming families through an experience that was not simply a course, but had the ingredient of integrated formation with the coexistence of families, marriage and family spirituality, in the form of meetings.

The event of meeting one family with another, of seeing that they came from different ecclesial environments, different dioceses, parishes and movements, enriched them enormously. Friendships were formed that have endured over time.

Who is the Diploma of Specialization in Family Pastoral Care aimed at?

-It is addressed to everyone. Man is a family being. Evidently, it is oriented mainly to families, but a priest, a religious, a nun, a seminariana single person, they can do it too. Because they also have families. People who do not have a university degree can also take the course, although the degree they obtain does not logically have university value.

In short, it is for anyone who wants to have an experience of meeting families to better understand this family ministry and to promote it.

Why is the curriculum divided into five specific modules: philosophical, theological, pastoral, moral and psycho-pedagogical?

-The curriculum is inspired by the original methodology of St. John Paul II, developed in his catechesis on human love in the divine plan. The genius of the holy Polish pope consists in approaching the reality of marriage and the family from the circularity between divine Revelation and human experiences. This sapiential approach makes it possible to integrate theology, philosophy and human sciences in order to recognize the meaning of the human experiences that are lived in marriage and the family, and which are inscribed in the language of the body created by God and called to glory.

In recent decades, the aforementioned sciences have deepened their understanding of marriage and have come together in a unitary approach. Unity in difference is a key, to distinguish in the united is a methodological key in the knowledge of John Paul II.

Nowadays it is very difficult to find people willing to commit to another person for life and, if they do, the decision is delayed for a long time. Is this a problem and how can it be solved?

 -It is true that we live in what we could call a "crisis of promise"; there is fear of commitment, fear of failure, uncertainty about the future. The historical moment we live in is marked by the primacy of emotionality. The postmodern cultural transition is still full of unknowns. This generates a lot of insecurity in people and is reflected in the crisis of promise, which is inseparable from the crisis of generativity. That is to say, people have stopped marrying and having children, and this constitutes a real challenge for society and for the Church.

The whole of human life is vocational, and the vocation to love is the guiding thread of all family ministry. Learning to love necessarily includes learning to promise, for promise is the form of love. The difficulty or impossibility to promise is causing a great change in our society. What is at stake is the happiness of people, the generative capacity and fruitfulness of a life. It is not so much a problem to be solved as a mystery in which it is necessary to know how to enter so that people can live a full, successful, great life, at the height of the vocation to holiness to which God calls us all.

For a long time it seemed that the Church was afraid to talk about sexuality, why? What has changed?

-The 20th century witnessed two sexual revolutions, that of 1917, coinciding with the Russian Revolution, and that of 1968, marked by the generational change after the Second World War. This is why today it is more necessary than ever to deepen the meaning of sexual difference, to learn to integrate affectivity and to discover that the mystery of sexuality is directed to the sincere gift of self.

Today we can see the powerful influence of ideologies that have disfigured and deconstructed the true meaning of sexuality. The Church feels the urgent need to help so many people who suffer because of all this, and to show and communicate the treasure she has received in a way that is accessible to the people of today.

How can you help engaged couples lead a relationship towards marriage? What do they need to know to know if they are with the right person?

-The first thing I would say is that today we need to generate engaged couples, because the main challenge is of a generative nature. The accompaniment of engaged couples is fundamental. The "Familiaris consortio". divided the preparation for marriage into three stages: remote, proximate and immediate, and "Amoris laetitia"He insisted on the importance of preparation, the need to create itineraries of faith that will mature people towards the sacrament, which is not only the end, but rather the beginning. For this reason, along with the accompaniment of engaged couples, it is necessary to care for young couples, teaching them how to live conjugal love.

Sunday Readings

The sorrowful face of Christ. Fifth Sunday of Lent (A)

Joseph Evans comments on the readings for the Fifth Sunday of Lent and Luis Herrera gives a short video homily.

Joseph Evans-March 23, 2023-Reading time: 2 minutes

“Thus says the Lord God: Behold, I will open your graves, and raise you from your graves.”So we hear in today’s first reading from the prophet Ezekiel. But what was just metaphorical then – God 'resurrecting’ Israel, giving the nation a new beginning, bringing it back from exile – becomes literal reality in today’s gospel when Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead. Of course, this is only a sign of a greater and truer resurrection which will occur soon after: Jesus raising himself from the dead, rising from the grave by his own power.

There is so much one can could say about this episode but today we could focus on Christ’s total control of the situation in contrast with the powerlessness of everyone else. From the very start, as is so common in John’s gospel, Jesus has everything under control and knows exactly what he is doing. So when he is told of Lazarus’ sickness, precisely because of his love for Lazarus, Martha and Mary, “he stayed two days longer in the place where he was”He declares his intention to go to Judea and is completely unfazed when his disciples respond: “Rabbi, the Jews were but now seeking to stone you, and are you going there again?”. He then “told them plainly: ‘Lazarus is dead; and for your sake I am glad that I was not there, so that you may believe. But let us go to him.’”.

When he arrives at Bethany, people are moving about confusedly and weeping. He makes clear to Martha that he has the power to raise Lazarus because he is “the resurrection and the life”. He who is himself life can give it to others. 

When at the tomb Martha’s faith wavers - Lord, by this time there will be an odour, for he has been dead four days”-, Our Lord insists: “Did I not tell you that if you would believe you would see the glory of God?”And then at his word Lazarus comes out alive.

But why did Jesus himself weep? Why this apparent display of weakness in one who is so conscious of his own power? Because true power is not heartless. God became man to have a human heart and share human feelings, and we humans cannot fail to be troubled in the face of death. Perhaps also Lazarus’ death and resurrection made him think of his own forthcoming paschal mystery.

The Church gives us this gospel today, in Lent, to encourage us. Our God, who has power to raise the dead, also weeps. He who is almighty knows and, to some extent, in Christ Jesus, shares our weakness. We might be dead in our sins, we might be rotting in some bad habit or bound by the stinking bandages of some vice, but Christ can call us to come out from our tomb. There is no human frailty Jesus cannot overcome, including death, and there is no human frailty which Jesus, with his human heart, does not feel compassion for.

Homily on the readings for Sunday V of Lent (A)

The priest Luis Herrera Campo offers its nanomiliaA short one-minute reflection for these Sunday readings.

The Vatican

Pope invites to renew consecration of Russia and Ukraine to Our Lady

Pope Francis invited this morning to renew the consecration to Our Lady of the Church and humanity, especially Russia and Ukraine, which took place on March 25 last year for peace. He also recalled that "every life is sacred and inviolable, from conception to natural death", and that "to evangelize is above all to bear witness to a personal encounter with Jesus Christ".

Francisco Otamendi-March 22, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

At the General Audience this Wednesday, the Holy Father Pope Francis asked that "we never tire of asking the Queen of Peace for the cause of peace," and encouraged prayer groups, pilgrims and everyone to "renew their commitment to the cause of peace. last year's act of consecration to the Virgin Marythat he may watch over us all in peace, and let us not forget in these days the martyrized Ukrainewho suffers so much," he said.

In addition, addressing the Poles, but also the whole world, he recalled that next Saturday, March 25, "we will celebrate the Solemnity of the Annunciation of the Lord, which in your country is also the day of the sanctity of life. As a sign of the need to protect human life, from conception to natural death, the Yes to Life Foundation dedicates the bell called 'Voice of the Unborn,' which I blessed this morning. Its sound carries the message that all life is sacred and inviolable."

The Pope continued to dedicate his catechesis to the passion to evangelize and apostolic zeal, and reflected on the Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandiThe letter of St. Paul VI, dedicated to evangelization in the contemporary world, dated December 8, 1975, which he strongly recommended "to read and reread".

Coherence for evangelization

Francis recalled that "to evangelize, more than the mere transmission of doctrinal or moral content, is above all to bear witness to a personal encounter with Jesus Christ. This is very important because people need witnesses, that is, people who are coherent between what they believe and what they live, between the faith they profess and the works they do. Coherence, harmony between what they believe and what they live", he stressed.

"The witness of a Christian life entails a path of holiness," the Holy Father continued. "Holiness is not reserved to a few. We are chosen by God and we must bring this gift to others. The zeal of evangelization springs from holiness, from the heart," Francis said.

"Another aspect to be taken into account is that the recipients of the evangelization are not only people who are outside the Church, because they profess another religion or no religion at all, but also we ourselves, who belong to the People of God. This means that the Church herself, in order to evangelize, needs to be evangelized. And for this she is called to travel a demanding path, a path of continual conversion and renewal," the Pope encouraged. 

Three questions from St. Paul VI

Then, in his greeting to the Spanish-speaking pilgrims, he invited them "to read and reflect in a personal and communitarian way on the Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Nuntiandi (on the proclamation of the Gospel), and to bring to prayer these questions formulated by St. Paul VI: What do you proclaim? Do you live what you believe? Do you proclaim what you live? 

This morning, the Pope called 'Evangelii Nuntiandi' "the Magna Carta of evangelization. At the end of his text, St. Paul VI places his wishes "in the hands and heart of the Blessed Virgin, the Immaculate Conception, on this day especially dedicated to her and on the tenth anniversary of the closing of the Second Vatican Council".

"May she be the star of the ever-renewed evangelization that the Church, docile to the Lord's command, must promote and carry out, especially in these difficult and hope-filled times," concluded St. Paul VI.

World Water Day

Before concluding, Pope Francis referred to the celebration of World Water Day. "The words of St. Francis of Assisi come to mind, who thanks the Lord for the humble water that is chaste and pure," he noted. "These simple words speak of the beauty of creation, with the awareness of what it means to care for creation."

"In these days the II Water Conference is taking place," he added. "I pray for the success of the work and hope that this important event will solve the problems of those who suffer from the scarcity of this important primary good. Water cannot be the object of wars, of speculation".

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

Education

Florence OlooOnly Africans can provide effective solutions to their own problems".

The NGDO Harambee has recognized the work of Florence Oloo, a chemist by profession and promoter of the Women Empowerment Program, which offers education and business skills for girls and women in vulnerable situations.

Maria José Atienza-March 22, 2023-Reading time: 6 minutes

Florence Jacqueline Achieng 'Oloo is the winner of the Harambee Award 2023 to the Promotion and Equality of African Women. Oloo holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry from the University of Nairobi, a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy and Educational Sciences from the University of Rome and a PhD in Chemistry from the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya.

This professor of chemical sciences at the University of Technical University of Kenyais a founding member of the Ethics Committee of Strathmore in which it directs the review and oversight of research of any nature involving human subjects to ensure that proposed protocols comply with appropriate ethical guidelines before participants may enroll. 

In addition to this, Dr. Oloo has promoted the Women Empowerment Program, Jakana - Kenyawegi for girls and women from diverse and vulnerable backgrounds in Kisumu County. An area bordering neighboring Uganda where more than half a million women live, many of whom live in poverty.

Dr. Oloo highlights for Omnes the greater potential of women in these communities and the need to harmonize African traditions and values with the necessary advancement of the rights of women and girls, especially in rural areas.

What are the main lines of the project for which the Harambee 2023 Award will be used?

- The award will be used for the education of women in rural areas, particularly in Kisumu County. Self-leadership skills will be taught there: to improve their self-awareness, self-esteem, sense of initiative and ability to express their opinions.

They are also taught entrepreneurial techniques to provide them with skills that will enable them to start and maintain an economic activity that will provide them with income. Along with these, pastry and bakery courses are conducted to ensure that they have a skill set that they can monetize.

These courses are accompanied by a follow-up or mentoring of the women to reinforce and ensure the implementation of the aforementioned results, and the women are also shown various entrepreneurial opportunities that contribute to ensuring food security and reducing poverty levels.

Harambee has been highlighting the role of African women for more than 20 years. Is there still a long way to go in the field of women's rights and equal opportunities for women in Africa?

- There has been tremendous progress especially in educating the girl child and building their capacity to enable them sit in the same employment or activity spaces as men. However there is still a lot to be done especially for women in rural areas.

Women in urban areas are more exposed to education and opportunities to grow them. This is not the case for many women in rural areas hence some are trapped in situations that forever limit their capabilities of being the best version of themselves e.g. early marriages, polygamous marriages, male chauvinism or strong patriarchal beliefs or systems that silence women.

However the leading cause of the aforementioned issues is poverty which leads to lack of education.

There are examples of "female empowerment" that attack values that consider traditional and even oppressive, such as family, motherhood or the care of the weakest, how can we balance the values of African women in these areas and the necessary progress in their rights?

In as much as we empower women to seek employment or business opportunities like men, education on the traditional values are equally important.

Women are key in holding a family together. Families are essential for the development and sustenance of society as a whole.

Only when we have individuals who are well raised in families can we have a society that has sober, innovative, hardworking, persistent and resilient people who are eager to create a better world and a better environment. The key to these results is women.

Only when we have individuals well raised in families can we have a society that has sober, innovative, hardworking, persistent and resilient people keen on creating a better world and environment. The key to such outcomes is the woman. Women who look after their families bring out the best in their spouses and their children. Women have this capacity more than the men hence the need to ensure that in as much as they are empowered from an educational and career perspective, their traditional roles are not completely thrown out of the window.

The African woman needs to be educated on how to balance her work and her traditional roles. Men on the other hand need to be educated on how to support their spouses so that women are not overwhelmed trying to balance work and family.

harambee
Photo: A group of women after one of Dr. Oloo's leadership courses ©Harambee

Once a woman is educated, her family and society are educated. You speak of a holistic view of women, how does this view manifest itself despite the difficulties?

- Women have the capacity to see issues holistically more than men. They can multitask effectively looking after themselves, their roles in the home and work environment. They also have a capacity to foresee the impact of their activities on all those around them. With this in mind, if she is empowered she is capable of harnessing her strength as well as that of her family and other people in her environment.

This can only be well illustrated using an example. Lucy is a woman leaving in a rural area. She is 29 years old, married and has 3 children. She was recently diagnosed with diabetes and was hospitalized. She came out of hospital, however her health had deteriorated and she was miserable, literally not knowing what to do with her life. Her husband in the past had tried setting up businesses for her but all of them collapsed as she did not have the knowhow or will to work on it. So her husband told her to focus on being a stay at home mum. In her state, she did not do well either as a stay at home mum as there was a lot of disorder and she also squandered the money her husband gave her on a daily basis. This brought conflict between her and her husband. And her health also deteriorated because of stress.

Lucy later participated in a seven-month training program for women, focusing on business skills, cooking skills, self-leadership skills, counseling and mentoring sessions. This was an eye-opener for her. The first skill she learned and put into practice was managing her finances and she started saving money from what her husband gave her and from the small income she earned from selling eggs from her farm. With the money she saved in two months she bought a glucometer to better control her diabetes. She began keeping records of egg sales and taking better care of her poultry. At home she cooked better and prepared healthier meals. Her house was neater and cleaner. These aspects greatly impressed her husband and children. In fact, the husband says he is looking forward to returning home to be with his family. The home is calmer and they enjoy time together.

Moving forward, Lucy was exposed to a 7 months training program for women which focused on entrepreneurship skills, cookery skills, self-leadership skills, counselling sessions and mentoring. This was an eye opener for her. The first skill she learnt and put into practice was managing her finances and she began saving money from what her husband gave her as well as small income she got from selling eggs from her farm. With the money she saved in 2 months, she bought a glucometer to manage her diabetes better. She began keeping records for the sales from the eggs and she also started looking after her poultry better. At home she cooked better and produced healthier meals. Her home was neater and cleaner. These aspects really impressed her husband and children. In fact the husband says he looks forward to going home to be with his family. The home is more peaceful and they enjoy time together. The husband was so happy with Lucy that he decided to open a restaurant business for her. This is because of her capacity to cook well and the fact that she now knows how to handle money. Her restaurant is near his butchery and so he supplies the meat. As we speak she has employed 2 people to help her out and she makes a profit on a daily basis. As you can see in this situation, the family is sorted out from an economic and social perspective. And other individuals outside the family are also sorted out economically.

Are we still looking at Africa with "white eyes" and trying to impose thoughts, attitudes..., far removed from the African spirit?

-Yes this is still prevalent.

Only Africans can produce effective solutions for problems encountered by Africans.

Our traditions have a key role to play in our way of being and how we handle issues. We cannot throw that away. Instead, we need to see the positive aspects of our traditions that can be incorporated in the empowerment process of the African people. This is a more sustainable way of dealing with our issues. E.g. we thrive more doing things in groups or as a community as opposed to the western way which promotes individualism.

Community is key in the African way of being, hence development projects have to be designed and implemented taking this factor into consideration.

Thank you speech

During his acceptance speech for the Harambee award, Oloo said that his passion at work "has been to train scientists so that science is conducted ethically". So that "data are not falsified, the rights and privacy of participants are respected, and the results of scientific research are genuine."

Her other great passion "is working for women living in rural Kenya. This is especially important because women face many challenges. As Florence explained, "dropping out of school leads to idleness among girls. This situation exposes them to sexual relations, which leads to teenage pregnancies. In addition, girls are easily lured by wealthy men or motorcycle providers to engage in sex in exchange for money, which the girls use to meet their basic needs."

The award winner emphasized that her concern, since she began her scientific career, "has been to promote social and technical research that would lead to excellence and promote the development of my country". She ended her speech by saying: "I am very proud to be African, I am very proud to be an African woman and to have the opportunity to help my country through my work".

Vocations

Carlos ChiclanaA problematic sexual behavior is something more complex than a struggle for the virtue of chastity".

In a recent study, Carlos Chiclana, a medical psychiatrist, has focused his attention on the affective and emotional needs, deficiencies and challenges of priests and seminarians. The results show the importance of attending, in priestly formation, to the essential elements of the priesthood, as well as to particular needs according to formation, education, social origin, family system and life experiences.

Maria José Atienza-March 22, 2023-Reading time: 10 minutes

Carlos Chiclana is a psychiatrist and a regular contributor to Omnes. He recently directed a study focused on the affective aspects of priestly life and its integration with the other dimensions of the person. A study that reveals, among other things, the importance of a serious personal and community affective formation, as well as the necessary time of preparation and discernment before priestly ordination. 

You have conducted a survey among numerous priests, deacons and seminarians. What are the relevant results of the survey? 

We conducted qualitative research with five open-ended questions about what challenges seemed most significant to the affective life of a priest, what risks they appreciated, what opportunities they saw, what particularly helped them in their formation on affectivity, and what they missed in formation and now felt would have helped them.

The survey was completed by 128 participants, mainly priests, with an average age of 50 years and an average of 20 years of priestly life. The total number of responses obtained was 605 open-ended responses, containing more than a thousand different ideas (specifically 1,039), which were categorized and structured according to their subject matter for subsequent more detailed analysis.

As for challenges, the most frequently mentioned were spiritual life, loneliness, mission, difficulties in the task, and giving and receiving affection in a healthy and balanced way. Also mentioned were the development of good friendships, community and family life and some psychological aspects. It might be striking that the integration of sexuality, dealing with women or the pressure of the environment were not of primary concern to them, although they were mentioned in some responses. 

However, when mentioning the risks, loneliness appears again as something perceived as important, along with personal psychological limitations, possible affective dependencies or moral defects. They also refer that the neglect of personal spiritual life due to a high occupation of time, the excess of pastoral dedication and affective detachment as a defense strategy can be risks they face.

When they express what opportunities they can find, the great majority perceive that their affective life has a very favorable scenario which is the continuous dealing with people, followed by the spiritual life and the development of good friendships with other priests.

The spiritual life, formation, priestly friendships, with the witness of these people, and being able to rely on the family of origin are, based on the answers, what had helped them to develop their emotional life. 

When collecting information on those aspects that the priests felt were lacking and that they felt would have been helpful in their personal development, they most frequently indicated that they would have liked to have received better formation. Others were satisfied and did not miss anything, and some would have appreciated better attention to spirituality and psychological needs.

If we analyze the main categories grouped together, we see that the areas of greatest interest are the spiritual life, solitude, interpersonal relationships (dealing with people, friendships in general and among priests, giving and receiving affection) and formation. This last aspect - having a good particular formation (personally directed by oneself and with a good spiritual accompaniment) and in community (specific programs of general formation and adapted to the real needs of these priests) - can be one of the conclusions of this study. In the study we did find a desire for more formation, better accompaniment and a more affectionate and less normative development of the spiritual life.

One of the recurring aspects mentioned, especially in the sections on challenges and risks, is loneliness. However, in spite of this, it is not shown that they lacked training in relation to loneliness, both physical and affective, that can be experienced within the priesthood, and whether this loneliness is natural and desirable, a negative consequence or something to be tolerated without further ado. 

As for loneliness, what would help to improve the quality of priestly life?

-I suggest that it might be of interest to continue formation in this area, so that every priest who feels lonely can understand why this is happening to him. He can assess whether the origin of this loneliness could be related to childhood wounds or shortcomings that have shaped an insecure attachment. If so, he will need specific spiritual accompaniment to help him heal his attachment, or professional psychotherapeutic help.

If not, he will have to discern whether he suffers from social loneliness - which can be remedied by developing a network of general, priestly and family friendships - or whether this loneliness is precisely the place where he can develop more intensely the experience of celibacy and his bond with God.

The Cardinal Lazzaro You He affirms that loneliness is often caused by a lack of rootedness of life in the Gospel and the abandonment of prayer. How to accompany a priest and avoid this loneliness? 

-All of us, in every community, group, parish, etc., have the responsibility to accompany and care for priests. We can be attentive to their material needs (where they live, if they eat well, etc.), their needs for rest and leisure (facilitate plans, invite them home as friends), their needs for sharing (joys, worries).

The study shows how it helps them to have collaboration in the projects they have in hand, so that the priest can focus on what only he can do, and to have time for life in the Gospel and prayer, which will be very good for him. At the same time it is necessary for the priest to let himself be helped, to ask for concrete help, to express his needs and to share his hopes and sorrows in a healthy way.

When should people devoted to God ask for professional psychological help?

-Like any other person: when he or she needs it. Being devoted to God, by itself, does not protect from mental pathology, nor does it prevent psychological problems. We have examples of saints who had mental pathologies, from the admission to a psychiatric hospital of St. Louis Martin (father of Therese of Liseux), to the gambling addiction of St. Camillus de Lelis.

Pope Francis himself said that he went to psychotherapy when he needed it. I understand that this self-disclosure was not only addressed to the dedicated people of Argentina, but to anyone who needs it, without fear, even if it involves a certain fatigue or respect.

It is necessary to ask a physician when medical symptoms appear continuously for more than two weeks in a row, that generate discomfort to the person or alter the way he/she functions in daily life or interfere in relationships with others, and that are not explainable by an internal or external circumstance that is temporary and occasional.

If it is the first time it happens, sometimes it is enough to initially consult with the family doctor. The doctor will do an examination, rule out that it is secondary to a medical pathology and, if necessary, refer to a mental health specialist.

There are times when some psychological issues require help from a psychologist to step forward and continue to grow. Among these issues are low esteem, disordered use of technology, disordered sexual behaviors or affective wounds from the past. Complex family dynamics, having been abused or having problems in interpersonal relationships can also be found here: other aspects to be treated can be disproportionate fear of a situation, avoiding conflicts or not knowing how to deal with women. Likewise, the excessive desire for security, or for power, esteem or control and difficulties in maintaining friendly relationships; absence of personal plans or difficulties in communication and the vision of the priesthood as a goal, a status... are susceptible to this professional attention.

– Supernatural Ratio Fundamentalis Institutionis Sacerdotalis stresses affective formation and personal maturity in the discernment of candidates. What do you consider to be the key points in this affective formation? 

-Like other professional occupations, priests must meet certain conditions. Therefore, certain psychological and personality characteristics are necessary. It seems, therefore, very appropriate that before entering ordination - and even before entering the seminary - candidates should be examined to see if they will be happy, balanced and healthy priests.

It is not a matter, therefore, of examining him in a judicial way, but of knowing and understanding him, knowing his personal history and helping him to put in place all the necessary means to mature in his personal vocation and, if he shows signs of a vocation to the priesthood, to have the necessary help to mature in the different dimensions of his ego, also in the psychological dimension. If necessary, everything that could hinder the harmonious and integral development of his personality should be healed. Also participating in the formation of the candidate are his family, friends, teachers, companions and other members of the Christian community that surrounds him.

If in this shared process it is observed that he does not meet the necessary conditions, the decision not to become a priest will be a joyful and serene decision, because the candidate himself will assume that this is what is good for him, what will make him happy and will place him in his proper place in the Church.

Good intentions are not enough to become a priest. Preconditions are necessary to establish a life of faith, such as an intense sacramental life, the practice of prayer and service in the community. In addition, sincerity, loyalty, affective development and a predisposition to live in community are necessary. Other aspects refer to the capacity for friendship and responsibility, creativity. Candidates for the priesthood must also have a spirit of initiative and availability to others, without forgetting obedience, youthful chastity, as well as living poverty with simplicity of life. 

How to evaluate these aspects in candidates to the priesthood? 

-It will help to evaluate the attachment styles developed by each child. It is necessary to know the educational style, the dynamics of the family of origin, which often conditions their way of understanding interpersonal relationships, espousal, fraternity or the right estimation of the values of the marital state. It is also necessary to know the family psychiatric antecedents, to be able to prevent its appearance with the pertinent care. 

It is obligatory to know the environment and the surroundings from which he comes, how the priesthood is understood in his country, city, family, neighborhood, parish, etc. In this way we will try to integrate his personal call with the "group and community call".

In accordance with medicine and psychology, we talk about healthy personality when the person is coherent in the way he/she knows and understands him/herself, relates to others and understands and adapts to the reality that surrounds him/her. He must be able to have a coherent esteem, to know his own emotions and validate them, to understand himself as valid, unique and authentic, integrating this human dynamic with the supernatural dynamic of divine filiation and origin in God.

Some issues to observe and apply may be: day-to-day observation; information from seminary collaborators; active listening in spiritual accompaniment; information from family and friends; ways of behaving in living together inside and outside the seminary; personal style in dealing with others; ability in academic tasks; development of the life of piety; evaluation by an external and independent psychologist and questionnaires for one's own evaluation, and specific readings on psychology.

In an interview with Omnes, Cardinal Marc Ouellet pointed out that the "real cause of abuse is not the state of consecrated celibacy but the lack of self-control and affective imbalance". Do you agree with this statement? 

-It seems that the data from the research carried out go in this direction and that the priests who abuse are those who do not live their celibacy coherently. A well-integrated celibacy would prevent abuse. Some see priestly celibacy as an unhealthy repression of sexual impulses, and consider that this would encourage the tendency for clergy to abuse sexually. But sexual abuse is no more frequent among celibate Catholic clergy than in other lifestyles. 

The vast majority of child sexual abuse occurs in the family and in the home, committed by family members. There is no evidence of a higher prevalence of sexual abuse in church activities compared to other institutional contexts involving minors. This is not to downplay the importance of inappropriate behavior by some clergy, but to point out that there is no data to indicate that celibacy is the source of the problem. 

It cannot be affirmed that celibacy and pedophilia have a causal relationship. We can affirm that when a priest abuses, the gravity is greater because of his responsibility and because of the consequences of the fact that it is precisely a minister of Christ who is the abuser. It is convenient that the victims can communicate their drama, pain, anguish, rage and shame and heal the wounds that have been inflicted on them. 

According to the  John Jay ReportThe percentage of priests accused is similar to that of clerics of other religions who do not live celibacy; and those who had committed sexual abuse, did not live chastity and had had sexual relations with adults after ordination. 

 How to address this issue in order to avoid events like the ones we have known?

-It is not recommended that someone with habitual impulse control problems related to sexuality, pornography use or similar issues be ordained. It is the candidate's responsibility to communicate this to his bishop or whoever is appropriate. In the case of the spiritual director or confessor, he should encourage him to do so. Above all, considering the happiness of the person concerned, who has the right to live his life in a healthy and integrated way and in truth.

Usually candidates with problems of this type are people with good intentions, with real desires for holiness, with an active struggle in many fields, but this is not enough. The affection that formators have for these people could make it difficult to help them in the way they need. They may be excited to have seen their struggles, their desire to be faithful to God, etc., but they may not perceive that the problem is probably not one of "chastity" but is related to other deeper issues, which require a psychological approach. 

If a candidate with these problems is allowed to advance in the formative itinerary as if nothing happened, it can be encouraged that, even if he/she has a vocation, it will not mature in a healthy way or its development will be made impossible. With a limited time frame, it is not possible to fix the bottom line, which is not about sex, but about identity, personal esteem, attachment, emotional regulation, etc.

In this sense, I suggest several approaches that could help: that people who begin to have problems with the virtue of chastity should use ascetic means in an adequate and intense way, and extraordinary means when the situations are extraordinary. It is frequent to observe in the professional consultation that it was not done in the initial moments and then "they no longer work". It is necessary to train the trainers in the field of sexuality, so that they know when something is sporadic and of normal solution, and when it is out of the norm, even if it is habitual; to train them also in the new family and psychological dynamics of the families of origin (broken families, abuse in the home, addictions, recomposed family unions, etc.). It is also necessary to include subjects on sexuality and affectivity where the normal and the abnormal are explained and to insist on a greater formation in the sense and meaning of celibacy. If necessary, "possible seminary candidates" should be kept as "possible" for as long as they need to mature. 

In addition to all this, it is necessary to intervene firmly from the first moment with the spiritual and psychological means necessary in each case. We must be clear that when someone has a problem with sexual behavior, we are dealing with something more complex than a struggle for the virtue of chastity and it is necessary to have spiritual companions specialized in dealing with situations that require a deeper approach.

Twentieth Century Theology

Chesterton's "heretics" and ours

The survival, in various guises, of different philosophical and intellectual positions that Gilbert Keith Chesterton left without arguments, means that the thought of the brilliant English author continues to be, a century later, fully current.

Juan Luis Lorda-March 22, 2023-Reading time: 7 minutes

One of the first trials of Gilbert Keith Chesterton is Heretics (1905). But in Orthodoxy (1908) best identifies the modern currents attacking Christianity. It was his realization that these criticisms and alternatives were foolish that led him to the Christian faith and to Orthodoxy. 

Why is Chesterton so topical? Among other merits, because many of the thoughts he confronts with such panache are still valid today. 

Chesterton had a particular grace to overcome them with an effective and sympathetic forcefulness, a really difficult combination, but very Christian and timely also in our times. 

From the time Chesterton wrote his Orthodoxy (1908) to ours, more than a hundred years have passed. And many things have happened. The main one in the world of ideas has been the unfolding and collapse of Marxism geographically and also mentally, with some painful epigones (North Korea, Cuba, Nicaragua, China, Vietnam...). But the world intellectual class is no longer Marxist for the most part, as it was (astonishingly and paradoxically) fifty years ago. For this reason, what we have before us is quite similar to what Chesterton had. And that is why it is so helpful to read him. 

In Chesterton's England, after a wave of freethinkers in the 18th century, emancipation and distancing from Christianity had reached the streets. The old common and traditional Christian faith, until then the spiritual basis of the nation, was criticized from different angles in the public space and enthusiastic alternatives emerged to replace it. 

With all the necessary caveats, it can be said that the intellectual crisis, in the street, of the Christian conscience was more than half a century ahead of Catholic Europe in Anglican England.  

Materialistic monism

Chesterton had in front of him several currents that could be mixed or added in the same persons. In the first place, the advance of science, reinforced by the theory of evolution (Darwin, The origin of the species1859), easily formed a materialistic mentality. Since the whole universe, including the human being, is made of the same stuff and has come from below by a unique process, no other explanation is needed. It is a materialistic monism that is still in force, very forceful though not very subtle, because it does not realize that the intelligent laws and programs - the "software" of the universe and each of its parts - could not have made itself unless the universe itself is an intelligence. 

So thought powerful naturalists and scientific essayists such as Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), Thomas Huxley (1825-1895) and Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919). Also poets and writers such as John Davidson and H. G. Wells. They were sure that everything that exists in the world can be explained by reducing it to its material components, doubted the specificity of the human spirit and its freedom, and drew applications of the theory of evolution for social life (and eugenics). It seems to him a singularly "crazy" and self-destructive thought, because it directly disqualifies thought itself (which could only be a combination of material impulses), and cannot account for the complexity of the universe, and of course for freedom. We are still the same today, although evolutionary applications to social life were shelved when the Nazis, who justified themselves with them and wanted to take advantage of them, lost World War II. 

Voluntarism and moral relativism

For Chesterton the value of reason was evident, but also that pure rationalism, reason in isolation, leads to madness; because reason needs the set of resources that make up common sense, the sense of proportion, the perception of what is convenient. That is why he said that the madman is not the one who has lost reason, but the one who has lost everything but reason. 

Something similar happens with the will. Nor is the human being pure will or freedom, as Schopenhauer claimed and Nietzsche took up. The will without reason is blind and wanders in a vacuum. Chesterton identifies the power of Nietzsche. He likes his fearlessness and his desire to overcome mediocrity, but he finds him lazy and incoherent in his purpose to overcome morality. Moreover, the moment morality is left to the discretion of the individual, any standard for judging one action to be better than another disappears. Neither can the tyrant be condemned nor the freethinker praised. Progress is not possible because, without fixed standards, there is no way of knowing what progress is. 

Socialist messianism

Chesterton, deeply rooted in the middle class, did not sympathize with the tics and prejudices of the English gentry. Instead he was genuinely sympathetic to some aspects of socialist aspirations. He was a supporter of universal suffrage because he trusted the common sense of ordinary people much more than that of the economic or intellectual elites. He also desired greater social equality with his "distributism". But he criticized the utopianism and lack of realism of many socialist theories and exponents (Fabianism, for example, which Bernard Shaw or H. G. Wells liked). He pointed out their ignorance of original sin and therefore their inability to detect and solve the real problems. He also criticized their materialistic and deterministic tendencies, which destroyed liberties and threatened to turn society into a henhouse. 

He had before him very enthusiastic and belligerent socialist exponents. The main one was Robert Blatchford (1851-1943) who, with his newspaper, the Clarion (1891), wanted to make England socialist in seven years. He is little known outside the islands, but he created magazines and editorials to combat the Christian faith, favor agnosticism and generate a socialist movement. And he collaborated in the formation of the English Labor Party. Chesterton polemicized with him at various times, although he praised his frankness and good will and retained his sympathy. 

This aspect has changed the most. After the collapse of the socialist regimes of the East, what remains of revolutionary socialist thought are nostalgias, shreds of theory and tics, although they still operate in politics through almost marginal parties that enter into parliamentary combinations. It is as if there were no wit and desire left to overcome the old poses and old clichés. Apart from the fact that they have not done the math. 

Spiritual" alternatives

Also on this point, the situation in Chesterton's England was quite different from ours. The discrediting of Christianity was accompanied by a kind of fervor for religious novelties that gripped the lower and upper social strata. Chesterton saw his contemporaries as sheep without a shepherd, ready to follow anything that moved.

On the one hand, spiritualism, scientology, the theosophical society that, in London, was promoted by Annie Besant (1848-1933), a real character, or the physicist Sir Oliver Lodge (1841-1940). They mixed all esoteric experiences, combined religions, especially oriental ones, and blindly believed in reincarnation and in the unity of all spirits. 

Chesterton especially criticizes all the cultivators of the "inner light" and by this he refers to those who believe that religious truth is born spontaneously from the depths of the heart because they are easily deceived and confuse it with their own feelings. It is a way, like others, of always being right. 

Buddhism in particular 

On the other hand, Buddhism was beginning to spread in the West and found acceptance, as always, in some snobs who wanted to feel advanced and different from the masses. Such is the case of Swedenborg. 

Chesterton criticizes those who saw in Buddhism the common background of all religions, including Christianity. And he makes a brilliant comparison between the images of the Buddhist holy man, with his eyes closed, looking inward, and accepting destiny as it comes; and those of the medieval saints carved in stone looking at the world and above all at God with his eyes wide open. Two attitudes that generate two completely different philosophies of life, that of the resigned acceptance of the world or that of the one who wants to improve it at all costs. If there has been historical progress in the West, it is precisely because of this different attitude. 

On the other hand, but we have learned this later, there is a general confusion about Buddhism in the West, even at interdenominational meetings. Buddhism is not a unitary religion with a common doctrine and a central government, but an ancient sapiential and then religious tradition spread in the culture and customs of many Asian regions, and deeply mixed in each place with ancient religions and superstitions. It lacks unity. That is why it cannot have authorized representatives abroad, but only isolated amateurs, generally focused on a few practices related to health and wellness, which is what usually gives them a living. 

Ex-Christians and post-Christians

Chesterton also had to debate with people who had lost their faith and had become very critical of Christianity. Perhaps the most important is Joseph McCabe, who had been a Franciscan and a professor of Christian philosophy and became a fervent propagator of Nietzsche and materialism. 

Others professed, as today, a Christianity downgraded or converted into an invitation to benevolence, as in the case of Tolstoy and his English followers. 

It also came up against accommodating or "broad" (Broad) currents that were willing to adapt Christianity to the times in order to make it more credible, regardless of what was needed. It would not be difficult to find representatives of these three positions today. 

The peculiarity of Christianity 

When he did not yet believe, Chesterton noticed the nonsensical background of some currents such as materialism, relativism, esotericism. Later, he would find something similar in the many criticisms of Christianity, which were produced with disproportionate animosity and disconcerting disparity. In analyzing its contradictions he came to two brilliant conclusions, which are still valid today. The first was that, if Christianity was criticized with opposing arguments from opposing positions, it meant that Christianity represents the center and the norm or normal of human aspirations. 

The second is that Christianity contains a special capacity to bring to life in tension enormous forces that neither contradict nor cancel each other out: humility and courage, the recognition that one is a sinner and that one is a child of God, self-contempt and self-love. To detach oneself from the world with all one's heart and to love the world with all one's heart. "It is not enough," he says, "the grumpy acceptance of the Stoics. Loving the world with all one's heart is a consequence of the "cosmic optimism" that comes from knowing that the world has come from God. To detach oneself from the world is a consequence of Christian wisdom that points to the original fall, for Chesterton, a fundamental aspect of the understanding of human history and a stimulus for a relentless struggle not against "the bad guys" but against evil. The ultimate argument of every life and of civilization as a whole. Yesterday and today. 

Conclusion 

Orthodoxy narrates the mental itinerary of Chesterton himself. Today, Orthodoxy brings a formidable impulse of intellectual lucidity to a culture punished by vices very similar to those of Chesterton's time. 

Then, it must be said, there was an intelligent debate and Chesterton debated with much clarity, with much grace and with much respect, and his opponents were forced to respond. Nowadays debate is absolutely avoided, because perhaps thinking is avoided and clichés are installed by repetition and survive by inertia. All the more reason to keep alive among Christians an intellectual stimulus as formidable as this one.

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The World

Overinterpretation and manipulation: the controversy over Cardinal Wojtyła in Poland.

Allegations of a cover-up of pederasty cases by then-Cardinal Wojtyła are based on unreliable documents from the communist archives of the time, known for "fabricating" documents to direct subsequent memory.  

Barbara Stefańska-March 21, 2023-Reading time: 4 minutes

Following the publication of a book and the broadcast of a television report, the controversy over the legacy of St. John Paul II has intensified in Poland. The authors accuse him of covering up cases of pederasty when he was Metropolitan Archbishop of Krakow. The accusations are based on unreliable allegations from the communist era.

A book written by the Dutch journalist Ekke Overbeek and a television report on a private channel were made public in Poland at the same time. Some opinion makers immediately accepted as credible the theses contained in both about the behavior of Cardinal Karol Wojtyła regarding certain pedophile priests.  

On the contrary, numerous associations and institutions rose up in defense of the memory of the holy Pope; even the Polish Parliament issued a resolution on the matter.

However, the greatest merit lies in the analysis, especially historical, of the materials used by the authors of these accusations, who relied on documents of the communist secret services stored at the Institute of National Memory.

False accusations and discrediting of the Church

Prior to 1989, there was a systematic fight against the Church in Poland by the communist regime.

In addition to the lack of religious freedom, there were even murders of the clergy.

The state services relied on a network of informers, including priests. Sometimes the state apparatus used their knowledge of problematic information as a means of control, for example, that a priest abused alcohol or had a child, in order to blackmail him into cooperating. Informers collected news of varying quality and also numerous rumors.

Ekke Overbeek's book begins with accusations against Cardinal Wojtyła's predecessor and mentor, Cardinal Adam Sapieha. The author cites the allegations of priest Anatol Boczek, whom the cardinal suspended from the priesthood.

Boczek describes two meetings with Cardinal Sapieha in 1950, during which he allegedly suffered abuse. Now, one need only check the dates to doubt this explanation: the ailing Cardinal Sapieha was 83 years old at the time, and he allegedly beat the young priest. However, as historian Professor Paweł Skibiński points out, the author of the book does not reflect on the factual reality of the allegations.

The mention of Cardinal Sapieha is important insofar as it is directly, so to speak, an introduction to the attack on the later Cardinal Wojtyła. The thesis is that Wojtyła himself was affected by abuse and that this influenced his attitude toward sexual abuse. Something that even the communist officials of the time would not have made up.

The television report cites the cases of three priests whose sexual crimes Cardinal Wojtyla allegedly covered up while he was Archbishop of Krakow. As noted by the historian of the Institute of National Remembrance, Professor Rafał Łatka, one of these priests was sent by the future pope the diocese to which he belonged since he was not part of the clergy of Krakow. Thus, he acted in accordance with canon law. In the second case, the priest was suspended and forbidden to practice while in the case of the third priest, there is no convincing evidence that the cardinal knew about the abuses. Moreover, it is not known exactly what they consisted of.

The conclusion is that these journalistic materials have been prepared under a prefabricated thesis.

The authors did not verify the sources, which come from a very specific context. Moreover, as historian Dr. Marek Lasota has pointed out, "there was not even a request to the Krakow curia for access to the source material about the clerics Overbeek writes about." The same thing happened with the television report.

"Manufacturing" of documents

Archbishop Grzegorz Ryś, a historian who was part of the historical commission that investigated the Krakow period of Cardinal Karol Wojtyła during the canonization process stresses that one of the keys to interpreting the documents is that it was a totalitarian communist state, where the authorities of the time were at war against the Church and the nation. "I can show the documents from the time of Cardinal Karol Wojtyła in Krakow, which were fabricated not to resolve anything at the time, but to guide reflection 50 years later. This is a dispute about memory," Archbishop Ryś stressed.

How the state services acted at that time is illustrated, for example, by the case of the priest Roman Kotlarz, who was murdered. While he was still alive, the SB (Służba Bezpieczeństwa, the communist intelligence service and secret police) spread the rumor that priest Kotlarz was seeing women and was an alcoholic. The consequence of this was that, 10 years ago when the bishop of Radom asked the priests of the diocese about the possibility of opening the process of Kotlarz's beatification, as a martyr, the priests said that he was promiscuous and a drunkard. "Did it work, did it work!" - the archbishop explains to the young people referring to the methods used then.

The documents could also have been deliberately "fabricated". For example, Archbishop Rys found in the archives a letter from a communist activist praising Cardinal Wojtyla. "Why write a letter that was a total lie? So that, some time later, whoever went to the archives would find this letter [...]. It was a letter written in the hope of creating another memory," says the archbishop.

As you can see, it is easy to undermine the credibility of the theses presented in the media about the alleged cover-up of these cases by Cardinal Wojtyła. Unfortunately, the media campaign in Poland is strong, which may make many people think: Maybe there is some truth to it after all? This shows how important it is to think critically and to have at least a little knowledge about the past times in Poland.

The stakes are high. Nothing can harm the holiness of John Paul II, but undermining his authority in his homeland harms us ourselves, our identity. Because John Paul II remains for many people a point of reference and a guide. But the younger generations know less and less about him and did not have the opportunity to know him, so we must fight for his memory.

The authorBarbara Stefańska

Journalist and secretary of the editorial staff of the weekly "Idziemy"

The World

Humanitarian corridors", effective bridges for a genuine welcome

More than 6,000 people have been able to save their lives and find a real home outside their countries of origin thanks to this initiative of the Community of Sant'Egidio that started in 2016. 

Giovanni Tridente-March 21, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

"Bridges" that allow many children, women, men and elderly people to make a "journey in safety, legality and dignity", overcoming situations of precariousness and danger and trying to regain a little hope once settled in the host countries.

This is the fruitful experience of the so-called ".humanitarian corridors", launched for the first time in 2016 by the Community of Sant'Egidio, as summarized by the. Pope Francis in the meeting he held with hundreds of refugees and families involved through this reception network.

It is a project that was born thanks to the "generous creativity" of the Community of Sant'Egidio The Federation of Evangelical Churches and the Waldensian Table, as well as the contribution of the Italian Church through Caritas, are also participating in this project. A small example, at the same time, of ecumenism of charity.

A viable way to avoid tragedies

According to Pope Francis, the humanitarian corridors "are a viable way to avoid tragedies - such as the most recent one that occurred on the Italian coast of Calabria, in Cutro, with more than 80 victims - and the dangers linked to the trafficking of human beings". Evidently, this is a model that must be further extended and that must open "legal avenues for migration".

The Pontiff also launched an appeal to politicians to act in the interest of their own countries, because "safe, orderly, regular and sustainable migration" benefits everyone.

Not surprisingly, through the experience of the "Runners", integration follows reception, although the process is not always easy: "not everyone who arrives is prepared for the long road ahead".

But the Pope's encouragement to operators is very clear: "you are not intermediaries, but mediators, and you show that, if you work seriously to lay the foundations, it is possible to welcome and integrate effectively".

Moreover, the welcome also represents "a concrete commitment to peace", as well as becoming "a strong experience of unity among Christians", since it involves other brothers and sisters who share the same faith in Christ.

The first receptions

The experience of the "humanitarian corridors" was officially born on December 15, 2015, when the Community of Sant'Egidio, with the Italian Protestant Churches and the Ministries of the Interior and Foreign Affairs, signed an agreement-protocol: 1,000 visas for as many Syrian refugees coming from the camps in Lebanon.

The protocol had been made possible thanks to legal work that had found a possibility in Article 25 of European Regulation 810/2009, which provides for EU states to issue humanitarian visas limited to a single country. And so it was for the first time for Italy.

It came from the tragic experience of two massive shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea, the first on October 3, 2013 a few miles off the island of Lampedusa, with the drowning of 386 people, mostly Eritreans; in 2015, on April 18, 900 people embarked on an Egyptian fishing boat died in the Sicilian Channel.

According to data provided to the Community of Sant'Egidio itself, from 1990 to today - in thirty years, practically - it is estimated that more than 60,000 people have died or disappeared in the Mediterranean in their attempt to reach Europe. Figures that have often led Pope Francis to define this crossroads of exchanges and people, once "mare nostrum", at risk of becoming "a desolate mare mortuum".

On the shoulders of civil society

Since February 2016, humanitarian corridors have enabled 6,018 people from Syria, Eritrea, Afghanistan, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Iraq, Yemen, Congo and Cameroon to arrive safely in Europe.

Of these, 87% were hosted in Italy, the rest in France, Belgium and Andorra. Thanks to a relocation program, Germany and Switzerland took in 9 and 3 persons from Greece, respectively.

These figures may not seem excessively large, but the explanation lies in the fact that it is "civil society" that finances the system without the intervention of state entities or institutions.

Once they arrive in the host countries, in fact, the refugees are welcomed by the project promoters and accommodated in various houses and facilities spread throughout the country according to the so-called "generalized reception" model.

The operators then accompany these people to integrate them into the social and cultural fabric of the country, through language learning, schooling for minors and other inclusion initiatives.

As we can see, this model is highly replicable through a virtuous synergy between public institutions and citizen associations.

The authorGiovanni Tridente

Adult centrism

Surrogacy is an example of the interest of wealthy adults over the rights of women and children who become products to be bought and sold.

March 21, 2023-Reading time: 2 minutes

Some politicians talk about the welfare of children and the so-called "best interests of the child".

They do well, because they are our future. However, legislative trends go in other directions, in which, despite the good will of some, what really ends up counting is the desire and interest of adults.

The examples are unfortunately not few, but the case of surrogacy is emblematic. An emerging practice in which the child and the woman are turned into objects or products to be bought and sold.

The surrogacy business is built on the desire to have a child, and surrogacy is presented as a solution. However, that desire of adults, however legitimate, cannot be obtained at any cost, especially if that cost is to treat vulnerable women as if they were objects, and children as if they were commodities to be bought and sold. A child should always be a gift, not the object of adult desire.

In the public debate there is a broad consensus against this practice: from feminist groups to religious denominations. However, a large part of European legislation plays an important role in the public debate. double game in relation to this issue. While from the front they reject this practice in defense of the dignity of women, through the back door they legitimize it by normalizing the recognition of the filiation of children born abroad by these means.

Not a few states seem to be bowing to pressure from certain interest groups in this business whose fundamental raison d'être is the production of children on demand.

On March 3, I had the opportunity to speak at the seminar held in Casablanca on the occasion of the signing of the Declaration for the Universal Abolition of Surrogacyalso known as the Casablanca Declaration. It is necessary to work together to develop a universal commitment to protect women and children from the global surrogacy market.

Through this Declaration, experts from all over the world have asked States to take measures to prohibit this practice in their territory. It is a question of prohibiting and not regulating or setting conditions. It has been shown that the legalization of certain practices leads to the so-called "legalization effect". slippery slopeThe slippery slope, with an increase in assumptions, although the contrary is claimed.

The fact that some celebrities are resorting to gestational surrogacy does not help to have a broader social rejection towards this business with human beings, which I would dare to compare with slavery, because as in slavery, there are numerous economic interests that move.

Only a determined and courageous attitude such as the one that has been undertaken in Casablanca can achieve this ambitious goal: to eradicate a practice that is based exclusively on the wishes of adults and disregards the interests and rights of children.

The authorMontserrat Gas Aixendri

Professor at the Faculty of Law of the International University of Catalonia and director of the Institute for Advanced Family Studies. She directs the Chair on Intergenerational Solidarity in the Family (IsFamily Santander Chair) and the Childcare and Family Policies Chair of the Joaquim Molins Figueras Foundation. She is also Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Law at UIC Barcelona.

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The World

Giulio Mencuccini, the bishop who evangelized "on two wheels".

Giulio Mencuccini was the last foreign bishop to leave Indonesia after leaving the government of the diocese of Sanggau because of his age. Now in Italy, his dream is still to evangelize "on two wheels". 

Federico Piana-March 21, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

A priest riding down dusty trails on a powerful dirt bike is not something you see every day. Who knows what must have been the look on their faces in Kalimantan when they first saw him speeding along in his billowing cassock sitting on a rough leather saddle and gripping a gleaming handlebar.

It was almost the middle of the 1970s and Passionist religious Giulio Mencuccini had just arrived in the Indonesian island region of Borneo, coming directly from Italy. "You have to know one thing: when I arrived there was only one paved road and to reach my confreres I traveled 500 kilometers by bus. It was a real adventure," he tells Omnes, with a touch of pride.

The first motorcycle

There, the man who would later be appointed bishop of the Sanggau diocese in the 1990s soon had to get used to the inconsistency of the roads and if he wanted to visit a village he had to walk. "And what a hike we had! Backpack on shoulder, I and the other missionaries would walk the so-called 'mice roads' to bring the people the Gospel and consolation."

It was in 1975 when Mencuccini, tired of spending hours and effort to reach urban agglomerations miles apart, decided, together with two of his brothers, to buy three trial motorcycles, considered capable of overcoming all kinds of obstacles.

Apostolate on two wheels

It was the impetuous beginning of a sweeping evangelization. "Yes, because with the motorcycles we could visit all the villages. In the evening we would celebrate mass in one and in the morning of the next day we would celebrate mass in another."

The motorcycle also gave another opportunity to the young Passionist missionary: "Being able to move around much more easily, I could afford to stay in the villages in the evenings. And the night was the right time to teach the rosary, do catechesis and hear confessions". The overnight stay of the missionaries in the villages was an added advantage, because after prayer, before going to bed, there were long talks in which the elders often participated. "In essence, staying overnight in the villages helped greatly in the expansion of the faith...".

Exponential growth

The figures prove Mencuccini right. In 32 years of pastoral government, his diocese has grown from 11 to 1,608 churches, 966 of which were blessed by the biker bishop himself. "They are all churches recognized by the Indonesian Ministry of Religion and were built also thanks to the help of the government," says the cleric, who explains why, even today, there is a special attention from the authorities towards the Church: "Catholic schools, present not only in the diocese but throughout the country, are highly appreciated because they welcome everyone, not only Catholics. And in our schools have studied many of those who, over time, have assumed positions of responsibility".

Msgr. Mencuccini
Msgr. Mencuccini with a group of bikers

Last foreign bishop

At the age of seventy-seven, in 2022, the biker bishop returned to Italy on November 30, handing over the government of the Sanggau diocese to Monsignor Valentinus Saeng, an Indonesian religious.

In fact, Mencuccini was the last foreign bishop to leave Indonesia, which fills him with joy because it is a clear sign that the local Church is in good health.

Also thanks to his apostolate carried out on motorcycles. "Today the baptized in my diocese are more than 370,000, almost 50% of the population. And now in Sanggau, in addition to the priests, the nuns also have motorcycles, 140 in all."

The dream: 10,000 bikers to the Pope

To think that Mencuccini, now that he has returned to Italy, will abandon his passion for motorcycles is a pious illusion.

His new big dream is to bring ten thousand motorcycle enthusiasts before Pope Francis in St. Peter's Square: after all, they too need catechesis. "I still get excited when I think of Masses celebrated outdoors before an expanse of motorcyclists next to their flaming two-wheelers. Hearing them honking their horns after my blessing almost brings tears to my eyes."

Meeting Valentino Rossi

In Mencuccini's account there is also space for a very personal memory that a motorcycle lover like him will find hard to erase: the meeting, in 2008, with the motorcycle champion Valentino Rossi. It was a party in his honor and on that occasion he signed many T-shirts for me to take back to Indonesia.

He used to spend his vacations very often in the Southeast Asian country. Once he came to see me and said, "Monsignor, be careful because your motorcycle has normal tires, they are not like racing tires, if you are not careful you can slip." His advice? I still follow it today when I get on a motorcycle.

The authorFederico Piana

 Journalist. He works for Vatican Radio and collaborates with L'Osservatore Romano.

Culture

Sexy" monsters, Mr. Wonderful's "mantra" and the adolescent crisis of meaning

Writer and filmmaker Diego Blanco presented in Bilbao his new documentary, 'Cuando oscurece', which addresses the "epidemic of sadness" among young people.

Guillermo Altarriba-March 20, 2023-Reading time: 2 minutes

"Covid-19 has brought to the surface another, much deeper pandemic, an epidemic of sadness." So says the official synopsis of the When it gets darkthe documentary directed by Diego Blanco that was presented last weekend at the XVII edition of the Catholics and Public Life Conference of the Basque Country, organized by the Catholic Association of Propagandists (ACdP).

For Blanco, this sadness is especially worrying in young people, and he criticizes the fact that it is being approached on many occasions in the wrong way. "We are tackling in a therapeutic way, with pills and psychologists, something that is based on a lack of sense", said the documentary filmmaker and writer in Bilbao, who has been tackling the issue of mental health and suicide in adolescents for years.

Three paradigm shifts that "drive people crazy".

He is also the author of the series of novels The Secret Fire Club warned that at the base of adolescent suffering there is a double crisis: "the attack on the family and on the most basic biology, science has been replaced by a certain mythology". From there, he pointed out, there have been three paradigm shifts "that are driving the kids crazy".

The first is a narrative change: "Today the protagonists of movies are the bad guys," he said, referring to postmodern narratives starring traditionally evil characters, such as vampires or witches. "We are in a new dark romanticism, where the monster is sexy and the bad guy - because stories have to have a bad guy - is the prince, who represents machismo and heteropatriarchy," he reflected.

Secondly, a psychological change, by which it is intended "that psychology responds to what is the meaning of your life". "They tell you that happiness is your responsibility, and that if you're not happy it's because you haven't tried hard enough," Blanco lamented, criticizing what he considers "the Mr. Wonderful mantra." The last change would be technological: "we carry in our pockets a device designed as a slot machine," he pointed out.

A narrative proposal

In the face of this, what proposal does Blanco put forward? "A narrative proposal," he says, quoting the theologian Hans Urs von Balthasarwho argued that divine revelation is narrative, has the form of a tragedy, and the pope FranciscoHe said that it is through stories that one can understand oneself. "Books or films are small units of meaning, they show that the suffering the characters go through is not absolute," Blanco stressed.

This is what the speaker is working on in the project he is taking to various schools throughout Spain, Ex Libris, a literary and filmic itinerary where he tries to make students understand that they are the protagonists of their lives, but not authors. "We Christians have an advantage: the Author has become a character, nothing that happens to us has not happened to Him first, including suffering," he said, and recalled that Christ's salvation took place, precisely, through suffering. "God does not send you anything that He has not gone through," he concluded.

The authorGuillermo Altarriba

Evangelization

Pilar RíoThe laity, men and women "of the world at the heart of the Church" : The laity, men and women "of the world at the heart of the Church".

Interview with the professor of the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross on the role of the laity in a synodal Church.

Antonino Piccione-March 20, 2023-Reading time: 5 minutes

Chilean, extraordinary professor at the Faculty of Theology of the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross, where she teaches Ecclesiology and Sacraments. Also a graduate in Journalism, she worked at "El Mercurio" in Santiago before moving to Rome.

We put some questions to Pilar Río, in order to shed some light on what the Pope Francis points out as the attitude "of the laity to live primarily their mission in the secular realities in which they are immersed every day, but this does not exclude that they also have skills, charisms and competencies to contribute to the life of the Church: in liturgical animation, catechesis and formation, structures of government, administration of goods, planning and execution of pastoral programs, etc.".

"What are the main dimensions of synodality and what temptations should we beware of?

-The synodality is a constitutive dimension of the Church, a style of life and work that manifests its being a mystery of communion for the mission, so that what the Lord is asking of us at this moment in history could be summarized, in a certain sense, in these attitudes: meet - listen - discern - walk together as a united people in carrying out the mission that Christ has entrusted to his Church.

The word "synod" comes from the Greek and means "to walk together".

– Supernatural synodality indicates, therefore, a path of reflection, listening, narration and dreaming for the future, which aims at renewing the way of being and acting of the Church as a missionary communion. Sharing a vision, a perspective that attracts us, and identifying the stages and modalities (processes) that activate a lasting and effective change.

It is an experience inspired by the Holy Spirit, which therefore retains a wide margin of openness and unpredictability, characteristic of the Spirit, who blows and goes where he wills. This is why we use the expression "celebrating the Synod", because in reality it means recognizing the action of the Spirit who always accompanies our Church.

As for the temptation from which we must guard against, let me recall the recent words of Pope Francis for whom "the path that God is showing the Church is precisely that of living communion and walking together in a more intense and concrete way.

It is inviting it to overcome independent ways of acting or parallel paths that never meet: the clergy separated from the laity, consecrated persons separated from the clergy and the faithful, the intellectual faith of certain elites separated from popular faith, the Roman Curia separated from the particular Churches, bishops separated from priests, young people separated from the elderly, spouses and families little involved in the life of communities, charismatic movements separated from parishes, and so on. This is the most serious temptation at this time".

Who is the lay faithful and what role can be attributed to the laity in a synodal Church?

-The layperson is a faithful Christian, that is, a person baptized and therefore incorporated into Christ and the Church. By virtue of his status in the world, theological and not simply sociological, this Christian is called by God into the world to inform it with the spirit of the Gospel.

Hence its role in a synodal Church is that of an active ecclesial subject, fully participating in and co-responsible for the whole mission of the Church and, in a special but not exclusive way, for the sanctification of the world.

Its entire mission is oriented, also in a synodal key and therefore together with the other members of the Church, to evangelization, sanctification and charity lived in the midst of the world.

With regard to services such as catechesis, liturgical animation, formation, collaboration in certain tasks of pastors, administration of goods, care of pastoral structures, etc., it must be remembered that the lay person, as a member of the faithful, has not only the right but also, on some occasions, the duty to assume them, obviously according to his or her lay condition.

In both the intra-ecclesial and temporal spheres, there are many complex challenges that the laity cannot fail to face.Can you recall any that you consider particularly important?

As regards the first, the intra-ecclesial sphere, the most demanding challenges concern the issues of mutual collaboration, formation (of both laity and pastors), overcoming dichotomies, mutual fears and mistrust, listening, a more incisive presence of women, enhancing the professional skills of the laity, the risk of clericalization....

In the temporal sphere, however, I would refer first of all to the challenge of recognizing the fully ecclesial value of the special and irreplaceable mission of the laity in the world, but also of recognizing the charism of lay life.

The challenges are also those of not becoming worldly, hence the importance of sacramental life and prayer, of living with one's feet on the ground but with one's eyes turned towards heaven, of not taking refuge in protected environments but going out to the peripheries.

In short, to be men and women "of the Church in the heart of the world" and men and women "of the world in the heart of the Church".

Basically, the sanctification of temporal realities constitutes the challenge of challenges. A challenge that we are called to play in many fields: the goods of life and the family, culture, the economy, the arts and professions, political institutions, social structures, and international relations.

The more incisive presence of women in the life and mission of the Church, as baptized persons, is a right. Do you consider it fully recognized in the perspective of Evangelii gaudium, the programmatic document of the current pontificate?

-I would say that Francis has innovated to the point of introducing a paradigm shift, for which we can only be grateful and thankful. "The lay faithful [as faithful] - these are the words of the Holy Father - are not 'guests' in the Church, they are in her house, so they are called to take care of their own house. The laity, and especially women, must be more valued in their competencies and in their human and spiritual gifts for the life of parishes and dioceses. They can carry the proclamation of the Gospel in their "everyday" language, engaging in various forms of preaching. They can collaborate with priests in the formation of children and young people, help engaged couples in their preparation for marriage and accompany them in their conjugal and family life. They should always be consulted in the preparation of new pastoral initiatives at all levels, local, national and universal. They should have a voice in the pastoral councils of the particular Churches. They should be present in the offices of the dioceses. They can help in the spiritual accompaniment of other lay people and also contribute to the formation of seminarians and religious. We are not guests but, as baptized women, ecclesial subjects, participants and co-responsible for the whole mission".

Although these words of the Pope emphasize the intra-ecclesial aspect of mission, I would also like to highlight the important ecclesial task that women are called to carry out in the world, contributing with their feminine genius to the care of the human.

The Cardinal Farrellurged to overcome "the logic of 'delegation' or 'substitution'. What steps remain to be taken to overcome this reductive logic? 

-This logic makes us see how far we are still far from a recognition of conciliar ecclesiology, more specifically of the second chapter of the dogmatic constitution on the Church Lumen gentium on the People of God, where the Christian, by reason of baptism, appears as a subject of the mission, as a missionary disciple, as Pope Francis often says.

In fact, the mission is not shared through the hierarchy, but directly from Christ to the Church, to each baptized person, so that Christians are not auxiliaries, delegates or substitutes, but true protagonists of the ecclesial mission.

Starting from this awareness can be a good beginning to initiate a change of mentality and culture within the Church, which concerns not only the pastors, but also the laity themselves. To deepen and assimilate the doctrine on the People of God that the Council has bequeathed to us is a fundamental step.

The authorAntonino Piccione

Abortion and freedom

The fear of social stigma, of political death, silences the voices of the necessary discrepancy for the survival of conscience.

March 20, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

That's the thing about good writers. They are always current.

I am rereading a text by Julián Marías from 1975 from the book Real Spain that when read with a historical perspective one cannot help but wonder whether it refers to the Franco dictatorship or to what Benedict XVI called 'the dictatorship of relativism' that we are living today.

I leave it to the reader to judge.

As long as a people remains alert, with historical vitality, with mental health, with lively beliefs, with capacity for reaction and initiative, it can withstand a clumsy, immoral, oppressive political regime, without this meaning the annulment of freedom. Political freedom may be minimal, almost non-existent, but considerable social and personal freedom can persist, which is even more important.

On the other hand, excessive leveling, homogeneity, the absence of tensions and 'differences of potential' within a society, the constant hammering of uniform ideas or pseudo ideas in schools, in the University, in the Press, in all the media, the lack of discrepant and creative individualities, can lead a society, formally governed in an admirable manner, to a tremendous demoralization, to a passivity that means, if one looks at things squarely, an annulment of freedom.

Julián Marías

The curious thing about the article is that our philosopher does not talk about politics, but he talks about the abortion and analyzes its social repercussions following its expansion in Sweden in those years.

A matter in which Julián Marías saw at stake a whole way of seeing society, human relations, the very destruction of freedom, which are being undermined from below, from their roots.

What would this great defender of freedom say today? Would he find an alert people, capable of resisting? Or would he rather have succumbed to the 'continuous hammering of pseudo-uniform ideas in the schools, in the University, in the Press' and today we would add in the social networks of the Internet?

I fear that we are in times in which this dictatorship is advancing at an accelerated pace. The news of the arrest in Great Britain of the Catholic priest Sean Gough and of Isabel Vaughan Spruce for praying in silence in front of an abortion clinic give us a glimpse of the path of that 'tremendous demoralization' that means the annulment of freedom, as Julián Marías predicted.

And the actions that are coming, especially from the elites who guide UN policies, are along the same pro-abortionist lines, rejecting as "harmful" and "discriminatory" values those that defend the family and life as the foundation of society.

The unique thought based on a new anthropology and that wants to configure a new social order advances and wants to colonize, imposing itself by the force of law, all the spaces of life.

Most people do not know how to act in the face of this pressure. We impose on ourselves a self-censorship that leads us to keep quiet, at least in the public sphere. And although we know that the king is naked, we dare not say so for fear of reprisals.

I return again to the text by Julián Marías in search of answers on what to do in this situation.

The future of freedom depends on a problem of balance. If there is a sufficient number of men and women capable of exercising their personal freedom and not allowing themselves to be imposed by any kind of terrorism -from that of machine guns to that of fashions or 'science'-, (...) the current immense offensive against freedom will be overcome, and freedom will prevail.

And in a few years, men will wonder how they could have been fascinated by such a stupid nightmare.

Julián Marías

We bravely exercised that freedom against machine-gun terrorism years ago. The brutal force of the attacks did not silence the conscience of many of our fellow citizens. And now, with time, we wonder how people could be fascinated and even justify murder for political reasons.

But the terrorism of fashion or of 'science', as defined by Julián Marías, seems to be more lethal in this loss of freedom than the same terrorism of machine guns.

And so the fear of social stigma, of political death, silences the voices of the necessary discrepancy for the survival of conscience. We are still fascinated by this nightmare. Many years have passed and we still have not woken up from this bad dream. Perhaps this is the main problem.

I return to the master and conclude with his words, which I believe perfectly describe the moment we find ourselves in:

But if a few years pass without this happening - perhaps no more than a decade - the lack of freedom will be firmly established, freedom will be extirpated for a long time, and the world will enter one of its long dark ages in which the human condition is reduced to the indestructible minimum without which it is not possible to live, until the vocation for life as freedom slowly germinates again.

Julián Marías
The authorJavier Segura

Teaching Delegate in the Diocese of Getafe since the 2010-2011 academic year, he has previously exercised this service in the Archbishopric of Pamplona and Tudela, for seven years (2003-2009). He currently combines this work with his dedication to youth ministry directing the Public Association of the Faithful 'Milicia de Santa Maria' and the educational association 'VEN Y VERÁS. EDUCATION', of which he is President.

The Vatican

Pope Francis: "Are we happy to say that Jesus loves us?"

Pope Francis prayed the Angelus on this fourth Sunday of Lent, known as the Sunday of Joy.

Paloma López Campos-March 19, 2023-Reading time: 2 minutes

On the fourth Sunday of LentOn Joy Sunday, Pope Francis prayed the Angelus and gave a meditation on the Gospel passage about the man born blind, a prodigy that "is not well received by many people and groups".

Francis began by looking at the disciples, who are looking for a culprit and wondering whether it is the fault of the parents or of the blind man himself. The Pope pointed out that "it is comfortable to look for a culprit, instead of asking more demanding questions, such as, for example: what does the presence of this man mean for us, what does he ask of us?"

After the healing and that first question, come the reactions. Some are skeptical, others consider it illicit to heal on the Sabbath and, finally, there are fearful reactions. "In all these reactions, closed hearts emerge in front of the sign of Jesus, for various reasons: because they look for a culprit, because they do not know how to be surprised, because they do not want to change, because they are blocked by fear".

Joy in simplicity

However, there is one person whose reaction is quite different. As the Pope pointed out, "the only one who reacts well is the blind person: happy to see, he testifies to what has happened to him in the simplest way: 'I was blind and now I see'". The blind man "is not afraid of what others will say: he has already known the bitter taste of marginalization all his life, he has already felt the indifference and contempt of passers-by, of those who considered him a discard of society, useful at most for the pity of some alms".

All this should lead us to ask ourselves "what would we have said then? And, above all, what do we do today? Like the blind man, do we know how to see the good and be grateful for the gifts we receive? Do we witness to Jesus or do we spread criticism and suspicion? Are we free in the face of prejudice or do we associate with those who spread negativity and gossip? Are we happy to say that Jesus loves us and saves us or, like the parents of the man born blind, do we allow ourselves to be caged for fear of what people will think? And also, how do we welcome the difficulties and sufferings of others, as curses or as occasions to become close to them with love?"

In conclusion, the Pope asked for the intercession of the Virgin Mary and of St. José"a just and faithful man".

Books

12 readings on St. Joseph

On December 8, 1870, at the request of the Fathers of the First Vatican Council, Pope Pius IX proclaimed St. Joseph patron of the universal Church, as Pope Francis recalled. Now, in 2023, on the eve of his Solemnity, which will be on the 20th Monday, as the liturgy celebrates the Fourth Sunday of Lent on the 19th, some readings on the Holy Patriarch are offered.

Francisco Otamendi-March 19, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

Pope Francis wrote in his apostolic letter 'Patris corde' (With a Father's Heart) (8.12.2020), that "on the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of Blessed Pius IX, on December 8, 1870, declaring him as 'Patron of the Catholic Church', I would like - as Jesus says - that 'the mouth may speak of that with which the heart is full' (cf. Mt 12:34), to share with you some personal reflections on this extraordinary figure, so close to our human condition".

On the occasion of this event, the Pope established a Year of St. Joseph, especially dedicated to him, which concluded on December 8, 2021, the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception, as reported by Omnes. 'Patris corde'. is therefore the first document cited in this brief list of readings.  

The titles offered are varied. For example, works by the Polish writer Jan Dobraczyński, Henri-Michel Gasnier, the researcher and theologian Pedro Beteta, Fabio Rosini, or the Carmelite family.

Here are a few texts:

1)  'Patris corde'.Pope Francis. 

A beloved father, a father in tenderness, obedience and welcome; a father of creative courage, a worker, always in the shadows: with these words Pope Francis describes St. Joseph in a tender and touching way (Vatican News). Ramiro Pelliterio commented on. Omnes Pope Francis' twelve catecheses on St. Joseph.

2) The shadow of the Father, Jan Dobraczyński. 

The author faces the task of remaking not only the life of the holy Patriarch, but also the environment in which he developed. The subtitle is 'History of Joseph of Nazareth'.

3) Redemptoris custosSt. John Paul II.

In six sections, St. John Paul II reflects on the figure of St. Joseph, Custos of the Redeemer, encouraging all Christians to trust in his patronage and to always keep his humble and mature way of serving before their eyes.

4) The silences of San JoséHenri-Michel Gasnier

From the historical basis of the Gospel allusions and the data of Tradition, corroborated by the Holy Fathers, the author describes the man who watched over and cared for Mary and Jesus on earth.

5) St. Joseph. Welcoming, protecting and nurturing. Fabio Rosini.

Reflection on the figure of St. Joseph, who marks a path for every Christian who wants to better understand the relationship between freedom and obedience to God, between one's autonomy and the Father's initiative.

6) St. Joseph, model ChristianPedro Beteta

The book shows "the human and divine greatness of the Holy Patriarch in whom the maximum heights of perfection are reached". "No one like St. Joseph acquired greater identification with Christ, his virginal Son," he affirms. Another of his works is Discovering St. Joseph in the Gospel.

7) St. Joseph in the faith of the Church. Francisco Canals (ed).

There are 16 studies and essays published in this non-exhaustive anthology, which aims to point out the fundamental milestones in the understanding of the figure of St. Joseph. The teachings of the Magisterium, of the saints and of scholars of the holy Patriarch have been taken into account.

8) The Patronage of St. Joseph on Carmel. Carmelite Superiors General.

This is a letter of the Superiors General of the O. Carm. and O. CV. Carm. and O.CV.D. to the Carmelite Family on the 150th anniversary of the proclamation of the patronage of St. Joseph over the universal Church.

9) Devotion to St. Joseph in St. Josemaría Escrivá. Laurentino María Herrán-

Many Christians have-and have had-a great devotion to St. Joseph. In these pages we offer the devotion professed to him by St. Josemaría Escrivá, who called St. Joseph Master of inner lifeand wrote the homily In the workshop of Joséincluded in the volume 'Es Cristo que pasa'.

10) St. Joseph, father and guide. Dominique Le Tourneau.

On December 8, 2021, the year dedicated to St. Joseph came to an end. On this occasion, the author presented in Omnes the main features of the father and guide of Jesus and of all Christians.

11) Prayer to St. Joseph. Pope Francis. 

In his letter 'Patris corde', Pope Francis proposes the following prayer at the end of the text:

Hail, guardian of the Redeemer
and husband of the Virgin Mary.
To you God entrusted his Son,
Mary placed her trust in you,
with you Christ was forged as a man.
O blessed Joseph,
show yourself a father to us too
and guide us on the path of life.
Grant us grace, mercy and courage.
defend us from all evil. Amen.

12) A devotion of Francis.In the same letter 'Patris corde'.Pope Francis opened his heart in note 10, as follows: "Every day, for more than forty years, after Lauds, I recite a prayer to St. Joseph taken from a 19th century French devotional book of the Congregation of the Religious of Jesus and Mary, which expresses devotion, trust and a certain challenge to St. Joseph: 'Glorious Patriarch St. Joseph, whose power knows how to make impossible things possible, come to my aid in these moments of anguish and difficulty. Take under your protection the very serious and difficult situations that I entrust to you, so that they may have a good solution. My beloved Father, all my trust is placed in you. Let it not be said that I have invoked you in vain and, as you can do everything with Jesus and Mary, show me that your goodness is as great as your power. Amen'".

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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Vocations

Priestly vocation. "The call is as current today as it was in the first centuries."

Their names are Pedro, Hashita, Rosemberg Augusto, Ivan and David. They are young, they have their whole lives ahead of them, that same life that they have put entirely at the service of God. Their stories and backgrounds could not be more different. They come both from families with Catholic roots and from environments without faith or of other beliefs. All of them have decided, like the Apostles, to leave their boats and their father and follow him. These young men shared with Omnes their fears and joys, the story of their vocation and their idea of the future and what the Church and the world ask of priests in today's world.

Maria José Atienza-March 19, 2023-Reading time: 8 minutes

The family of Hasitha Menaka Nanayakkara is striking for its originality. The son of a Buddhist father and a Catholic mother, this deacon of the Archdiocese of Colombo, who is not yet in his thirties, has lived the Catholic faith since he was a child. "My father, who is a Buddhist, respected his wife and children and also his faith. We respected him. In fact, recalls Hashita, "from time to time the subject of religion would come up when we talked at dinner, but each of us knew how not to bring the conversation to a point of division, but to one of seeing diversity and accepting it." 

Also in the life of Rosemberg A. Franco, the faith and example of his mother, a catechist since his youth, influenced his piety and vocational discernment. For this Guatemalan, "it is very clear that I met God thanks to the great devotion of my mother, who always bent her knees before Jesus. My vocation I feel deep inside me that it is the vocation that God has thought of since my mother's womb. When I was a child I played to celebrate mass, and something very nice that I remember is playing in processions, because in Guatemala, the popular devotion is very special for all Catholics". 

The example of these mothers and fathers was the humus from which God used to make the call to his service grow in these young people. A life of strong faith, as Hashita points out: "Baptizing children is not enough, although it is the most important thing. For me and my sister it was a blessing to have a mother who baptized us and educated us in the faith. She, with her simple faith knew that she had to be light and salt where she was: in her family. My mother took us to Mass and catechesis. Every day, my sister, my mother and I prayed the Rosary at night. Dad didn't pray with us, of course, but he never forgot to turn down the TV so as not to distract us."

Also for Iván Brito, who is preparing to become a priest at the Castrense Seminary in Spain, the "testimony of a priest relative and the religiousness of my family" played a decisive role in his decision to respond to the priestly vocation. 

Entering the seminary is always a time of mixed feelings in the family and in the person concerned. Ivan, being a military man, decided that "the best option, with respect to service, was within the Armed Forces." 

david repor vocation
David Carrascal

David Carrascal is in his sixth year at the Conciliar Seminary in Madrid. He recalls how "although I accepted my admission to the seminary, it was a little more difficult for my parents, because they had many doubts about what my life in the seminary would be like; perhaps a little influenced by what they had seen in old stories or movies. But at no time did they make it difficult for me." "For me it was a gift from the Lord that my family, my friends and my parish supported me in my entry to the seminary," says this native of Madrid. 

The answer

Although at the age of 13, after a confession Rosemberg Franco told the priest that he felt "that He wants me to be like you, to be a priest."It was a long time before he made up his mind. Years later, he tells Omnes, "I was already a primary school teacher and one day, entering the Church, I met a former teacher, who was surprised and said to me: 'You come to Church? His surprise, Franco emphasizes, came from the fact that "while I studied education, I never showed any religious interest in class". 

It was not just a chance encounter. That professor asked his former pupil "What do you say to Jesus in your prayer?". Rosemberg replied: "Nothing, I just see him, I don't know what to say to him. Then he said these words to me, tell him: 'Jesus, help me to fall more in love with You'. From that day on, my prayers begin like this. 

Franco had ended his engagement "with a very nice girl who brought me closer to God" and at that time he began to ask the Lord "help me to fall more in love with You". 

In 2014 he began attending vocational meetings at the National Major Seminary of the Assumption in Guatemala, and in 2015 he entered the Guatemalan Seminary where he has studied until 2019. 

Pedro de Andrés is a deacon of the Diocese of Madrid, trained at the Diocesan Missionary Seminary. Redemptoris Mater-He will be ordained to the priesthood in May 2023. His family, who belong to the Neocatechumenal Way, raised him in theó in an atmosphere of solid and communitarian piety. 

In his case, he notes: "The restlessness for the call arose gradually. At the age of 14, when I entered my own community, I seriously considered becoming a priest for the first time, as a joyful response to the unconditional love of Christ for me, which had been announced to me. However, this first impulse did not take concrete form because of my refusal to enter the Minor Seminary due to my shyness. As the years went by, a strong question appeared within me: 'Lord, what is my vocation? What do you want me to be? This question continued to resonate within him until his university years. 

In the summer of 2012, Peter went on a pilgrimage to Lourdes: "I laid at Our Lady's feet the question of vocation, because I didn't know what to do. It would be a year later, during World Youth Day, when "after speaking for the first time about my vocational concerns with a priest, the Lord called me during a Eucharist: 'I am the Light of the world, he who follows me does not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life'. These words of Christ were for me the true vocation: God was calling me! It was no longer I who sought to know what His will was for me, it was He Himself who spoke and called me. Full of joy and nerves, I got up to go to the seminary. 

"No angel appeared to communicate to me God's call to the priesthood, but little by little I saw that it was my path," says Hasitha Menaka, amused. In his native Sri Lanka, during his early years, he studied at a Catholic school. Later, he attended a Buddhist school. "In that school we were few Christians. When the other students did their Buddhist rites before classes began, I talked to Jesus alone. I had to make an effort to live what I believed. My classmates would ask questions about my faith and I had to search for the answers and how to explain it. This endeavor made me deepen my own faith by looking for 'reasons for our hope' I experienced it as challenges from the environment that make a person grow. When you know and understand what you believe, you want to live it and transmit that truth to others. I believe that in this process I heard the call to the priesthood.

In the face of doubt and fears? Prayer

Any life of relationship, whether with God or with another person, brings with it moments of doubt and inner turmoil. These boys, who are the priests of tomorrow, live it every day. At the same time, they are clear that these doubts and fears have to be dealt with in prayer, because many times they come "when we separate ourselves from our Lord, looking only at our miseries and forgetting the fidelity of Jesus towards us", as Hasitha Menaka points out. 

gus repor vocation
Rosemberg Augusto Franco

Something similar underlines Rosemberg Franco: "Many times, during my time in the seminary, there have been many doubts and fears and what has kept me on my feet is prayer; my own and that of so many souls who bend their knees praying for me, the help and accompaniment of my spiritual director, confession, and above all the daily encounter with Jesus in Holy Mass. 

Sometimes, of course, from my human condition it is difficult for me to abandon myself fully in the arms and plans of God, but it is there where I remember that I must see with supernatural vision everything that happens to me, that if everything is to save more souls, that if everything is for the greater glory of Him, may His will be done". 

Doubts and, also, fear before a path that is presented, from now on, especially exposed to criticism and even social mockery. A reality that, in the words of David Carrascal, "is based on three ideas: Recognize who calls to the vocation, knowing that the Lord has not called us to a life without difficulties; The second thing to ask for those who hinder the life of priests, which make more difficult a free surrender to the Lord. And finally, to pray for those who criticize, who dishonor priests, to know how to welcome and love them, because for them too is the proclamation of the Lord". 

What is the world asking of us? Holiness

What should the priest of today be like? "Holy," emphasizes Rosemberg Franco. "Today the Church wants holy priests and holy faithful, the call to holiness is as current as it has been since the first centuries". And not only priests, "that the saints of this century, be they priests, religious, nuns and laity, will sustain the faith, will keep alive the love of the Lord, in the face of a society that is sinking into superficiality and individualism, consumerism and relativism". 

A conviction shared by Menaka, for whom "living what one believes is the best way of evangelization in a non-Christian environment as well as in a Christian one. The very life of a Christian is a preaching of what he believes and, in a non-Christian environment, the joy and holiness of Christians attract the attention of others".

A universal call to holiness that, in the case of Pedro de Andrés, is concretized in a strongly missionary charism, as he explains: "We walk the Way in a community as one more brother, participating in the celebrations of the Word, the Eucharist and the Conviviality with families, singles, young people, older people, priests... We are one more Christian who follows Christ in the Church. From this relationship with Christ, who loves us as sinners, is born the zeal for evangelization, for the mission ad gentes.". 

The Christian's life is the one that can respond to this thirst for God that, without knowing it, permeates the current environment, especially among the young. As David points out: "In my experience with friends and parishes where I have been, I have been able to see that there is a great thirst for God, but, at the same time, many currents and ideals that make it more difficult for young people to find the transcendent". 

"I am fully happy."

pedro repor vocaicon
Pedro de Andrés

"Today I can say that yes, I am happy," Peter affirms emphatically - "The source of this happiness is not in goods, not even in human securities. Happiness comes to me from intimacy with Christ. He is the one who called me, the guarantor of my life. That is why every day prayer is a fundamental part of my life, through the Liturgy of the Hours, the prayerful reading of Sacred Scripture, spiritual reading, contemplative prayer... In this precariousness there are times when fears of the future arise, but it is with Christ that I can leave my land and my kindred, like Abraham, to the land that he shows me, where he is already waiting for me and where he will unite me to his cross, which is the source of evangelization".

Hasitha Menaka counts among her reasons for joy, first of all "my vocational journey and my priestly formation in my country and in Spain", but also the fruits of the witness of her family, which is manifested in "my two baptized nephews, my mother's life and my father's good heart".

Stories of vocation, very different lives and one call: to be the voice and hands of Christ in the midst of the world. 

Resources

A ship carved in silence

The author tells a beautiful story of devotion and details to celebrate the Solemnity of St. Joseph.

Santiago Populín Such-March 19, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

- Dad, will you tell me a story? But a long one, tomorrow is March nineteenth and there is no school.

Laughing, his father replied:

- You know these dates well, don't you, Juanito... Well, let's see, let me think of one while you put on your pajamas.

- Daddy, don't tell mommy, but I like your stories better, hers are a bit boring, they have no castles, no battles, no monsters, no villain to capture....

With a sly laugh, his father replied:

- I already have one, but this time it won't be about castles, battles or monsters, nor will there be a villain to catch. Today, I'll tell you a special one.

- Well, what's it all about?

- Many, many years ago, there lived in a humble village a boy of about twelve years old, very virtuous, with a big heart. Every morning he helped his father in his carpentry workshop and in the afternoons he liked to play with his friends. But this boy had a very special ability: every piece of wood or log he found, he carved it and turned it into something useful; for example, a toy, a spoon, or any other household tool.

One afternoon, while walking through the orchard, he found a large olive tree trunk that had perhaps fallen from some woodcutter's hand. He was overjoyed, for he had been looking for one of that size for some time, so that he could make himself a small trunk to store his tools. As it was a very heavy trunk, he went home at full speed to look for the wheelbarrow.

When he returned, he found the log intact and breathed deeply with great relief. On his way home, he stopped by the town market to buy something his father had ordered for him, and while waiting to be served, he heard behind him some young parents lamenting that they did not have enough money to buy a toy boat for their young son.

He recognized those voices, he knew who they were. They were a very poor family living near the river, not far from his home. On his way home, he had an idea. Instead of using the log to make his trunk, he thought of carving a boat to give to that child.

He entered his house, greeted his parents and had dinner with them. When his parents went to sleep, he silently went to his father's workshop. There, next to the log, all his tools were waiting for him under the shelter of a bright torch. All night long he carved the log, and made a beautiful boat.

When he had it ready, he sanded it down and, before the rooster crowed, he took a piece of cloth out of his pocket and used it to make the sail. The sky was clearing and before the chickens began to fuss about claiming their kernels of corn, he extinguished the torch, took the boat and returned to his room without a trace.

When sThe sun came up and while his mother was preparing breakfast, he took the boat and left in a hurry. Arriving at the boy's house, he looked out the window and saw no movement.

Relieved to have arrived in time, he left the boat at the door and ran out of sight.

In the afternoon, his mother asked him to go to the river to fill the water jugs. Tired from not having slept all night, he slowly went down to the river. As he dipped the pitcher into the river, he was surprised by the crash of a small boat in his hands.

He recognized it - it was the one he had been making all night - took it in his hands, looked up and saw a little boy with a big smile running towards him to retrieve it.

He handed it to him, and the boy said, "Thank you so much for stopping it, I thought I'd never catch it. See you later.

As he returned home, with jugs full of water and a smile on his face, he remembered some words his father had said to him months before: "Son, never forget that there is more joy in giving than in receiving".

Juanito, this story is over.

Juanito yawned, like a sleepy lion, and with his hands rubbing his eyes, he asked his father:

- Dad, what was that boy's name? He did something good and without anyone knowing it was him?

His father, smiling and looking at him with affection, replied:

- That child's name was Joseph.

The authorSantiago Populín Such

Bachelor of Theology from the University of Navarra. Licentiate in Spiritual Theology from the University of the Holy Cross, Rome.

Culture

Pablo Muñoz RuizStained glass windows are jewels that enlighten us".

It is easy to be enraptured to enter a cathedral full of stained glass windows coloring the interior. The art with glass has always sought to impress the viewer, because its author in the end what he wants is "to captivate you and tell you things when you see it, that will guide you the course of the look, and when you turn around to leave you wrap and accompany you.

Paloma López Campos-March 18, 2023-Reading time: 7 minutes

Vetraria Muñoz de Pablos is a family business dedicated to the creation, restoration and conservation of stained glass. It is very normal that we encounter this type of art when we enter a church, however, we usually do not know much of what happens at that point.

Pablo Muñoz Ruiz, a graduate in Fine Arts and member of the Vetraria team, lowers the stained glass windows to our height so that we can get to know them a little better.

What does stained glass restoration consist of?

-Restoration as an idea proposes the recovery of an asset that has been damaged or deteriorated to bring it to its initial state, as far as possible, eliminating the factors that have deteriorated it and improving its conservation for the future. That put into practice is complex because there are many cases and very different. In addition, the restoration of a stained glass covers different areas, not only involves the restoration of an object. The historical stained glass is both enclosure, plastic and iconographic support and light filter. When restoring a stained glass window we take into account all these factors and we consider not only the material restoration of the object, but also the restoration of the iconographic program and the interior light created as a symbolic form.

The stained glass window is an element that makes you notice its presence long before you see it, because it generates a luminous environment that envelops you. In this sense, every moment in history has sought to give it an intentional and specific meaning. The light is not the same in the Gothic period, which is based on the words of Jesus "I am the light of the world; he who follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life", as in the Baroque period, in which all available white light is sought, or in a contemporary space that has multiple intentions. 

We have always insisted on the need to restore each of these elements as a whole, as they are part of the identity of the work. Logically there are very different works in very different spaces with very different approaches and circumstances, but our commitment always leads us to value the property as a whole, so that the intervention is as complete and respectful as possible. In the end, the ideal is that the restoration itself goes unnoticed and that the work is put in value in the environment in which it was designed.

What is the current state of stained glass art?

-Stained glass, like many other artistic and craft disciplines, has always depended heavily on architecture. Depending on the use and need for light that has been throughout history the stained glass has been giving solutions to that architecture. It is an artistic discipline that is born and takes place mainly in religious art, but since the late nineteenth century until now there are also very good examples of stained glass outside the religious environment.

 Contemporary architecture has dispensed with many of these disciplines in favor of prefabricated materials and standardized assemblies for industrial use, which makes the current windows occupy very special or more exclusive spaces, with a clear purpose of intervention in the environment they occupy. So there are really two lines in which it develops: The stained glass independent of the architecture that is displayed and exhibited in exhibition halls along with painting and sculpture. And a stained glass in formal and conceptual transformation that is adapting to new materials and new forms within architecture. The concepts of enclosure, plastic support and light filter that I was talking about before are still inevitable factors to take into account and therefore continue to work when creating and conceiving new works.

How has this industry changed with technology?

 -Technology influences everything. And art and technology have always gone hand in hand. In the case of the stained glass even more so because everything that builds it, all the materials used and the processes necessary for its realization have been and are an undoubted technological boast, both in the manufacture of glass and metals that accompany it or the treatment and subsequent processing.

On the other hand, the digital world has been a part of every workshop for more than two decades. For us, digital scaling, multi-tool numerical control centers, laser cutting and engraving or plotters are perfectly integrated into many daily tasks. But all these state-of-the-art tools coexist with medieval processes, 19th century machines and hand tools that we also use on a daily basis. The work is still the same and is still substantially done in the same way as centuries ago, although there are tools that make things easier in some aspects.

Do the original works undergo variations after restoration?

-It depends on the cases and the deterioration they have suffered. We could say that a restoration is the result of poor conservation, so in restoration damage that in a good conservation would not have occurred or would not have become dramatic are contemplated. In the case of stained glass windows that lack protection or physical barriers that defend them, it is easy for breakage and loss of glass to occur, which has traditionally led in many cases to unfortunate emergency interventions that end up producing other types of damage and makes subsequent restorations more complicated.

Restoration is always dramatic for a work of art of any kind because it involves the treatment of the damage that has violated the work, so it is important that it is carried out by qualified professionals to restore its entity and ensure its conservation and stability over time.

What process should be followed for the conservation of stained glass windows? 

-To conserve a stained glass, like any other good, you must first assess what may be the causes of deterioration, both physical and environmental, and to establish appropriate protective measures to prevent these damages occur. Once these causes have been established and the appropriate protection has been carried out, it is when the restoration and conservation guidelines should be established, which are easy to carry out when the damage has been minimized as much as possible. It is much more expensive to restore than to conserve. What happens is that conservation involves surveillance and guardianship that must be organized by people trained to know what to do at all times within an orderly framework, and that part is complicated to coordinate.

Is the process different in churches, because they are holy places? 

-We always work thinking that the window has a function within the temple and is not a decontextualized object in a museum, and that function should continue to play as long as the temple remains active. That is its justification and raison d'être and is an important factor to consider when intervening.

Sometimes you restore a work that is not in its proper place, or that is missing elements that have been lost and are necessary to understand it, or that was part of a whole that has been altered or diminished. In these cases, the recovery of the initial idea that returns the work to its religious function is more than necessary, because it is part of its identity, it is what it was designed for and it is what justifies it. It is not always possible because it logically implies the use of resources that are not always available, but it is important to go as far as possible to make it happen.

¿How is the creative process in the creation of stained glass windows?

-As we have been talking about, the window needs and uses a number of materials, techniques and procedures quite large and varied. Each with its particularities and requires specific knowledge. That translates into the sum of several trades that in earlier stages of history were developed in a specialized way by different workers. Nowadays, these large workshops of specialized workers are not possible and one assumes all the tasks to be performed. Drawing, cartoning, cutting, painting, furnaces and melting, leaded, blacksmithing, masonry, the office and the commercial part as well.

It is quite complex. But for us the most important thing is the dialogue or the conversation that is generated with the place where it is destined. It's not about making a piece that can be placed in a space or a window, it's about the work making sense in its place. That it captivates you and tells you things when you see it, that it guides your gaze, and that when you turn around to leave it envelops you and accompanies you. That is our job.

Are there any interesting facts about stained glass that people don't usually know?

-Well, honestly, I would say that almost everything. The windows are usually at a height that makes them inaccessible to almost anyone, and when you can see them up close it is difficult to understand them if someone has not previously explained what you are seeing beyond an image. We try to do as much dissemination as we can, among heritage professionals, art enthusiasts and other groups. The phrase "I could not imagine that this could be so" is quite frequent.

There are many different techniques applicable to glass that allow us to create a stained glass. It can be painted as a painting with water or oil techniques, melt in pieces or layers in a furnace, assembled with metals such as lead, bronze or iron, or cast with materials such as concrete or resin. Not to mention the variety of different procedures that allow us to alter the nature of the glass to change color or shape. Stained glass is an art unknown to most people and yet it is extraordinarily seductive and exciting for those who approach and begin to discover it.

What glass works do you recommend us to see?

-We could begin to cite many European works such as the Sainte Chapelle which is an inevitable reference and exciting to see. But I prefer to focus on Spain because we have very good stained glass and very good sets. In religious art could begin by citing many cathedrals. In Segovia we have been working for several years on an ambitious project that finances with great effort the cathedral chapter and will be completed in a few years. It has a magnificent set of Mannerist stained glass windows, others of the seventeenth and nineteenth extraordinary. The cathedral of Avila also, in the area of the presbytery and the transept. Seville is fantastic. Granada. The cathedral of Leon of course. There are some unknown jewels such as the stained glass windows of the Chapel of the Hospital Niño Jesús in Madrid from 1881. The church of the Jerónimos, next to the Prado museum.

And outside the religious environment are magnificent stained glass windows of the Bank of Spain in Madrid. It has a collection of late nineteenth and early twentieth century that are reference in any art book. It also has contemporary stained glass of the 80s very interesting. At the Complutense University in the faculty of philosophy, or in the auditorium of the school of architecture. It is not difficult to find stained glass in our environment, what is difficult is that people appreciate them for what they are: the jewels that enlighten and enrich us.

Resources

Riches of the Roman Missal: the Sundays of Lent (IV)

On the Sunday of Joy, the fourth Sunday of Lent, the collect prayer and the liturgy invite us to approach the redemptive mystery of Christ.

Carlos Guillén-March 18, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

Crossing the equator of Lent, we come to the Sunday called Laetare by the first words of the entrance antiphon: "Rejoice, Jerusalem...!". Surprisingly, this Sunday's Collect has no direct reference to the joy proper to this Sunday.

O God, who through your Word bring about in a marvelous way the reconciliation of the human race, grant that the Christian people may hasten, with joyful faith and diligent dedication, to celebrate the coming Paschal feasts.Deus, qui per Verbum tuum humáni géneris reconciliatiónem mirabíliter operáris, praesta, quaésumus, ut pópulus christiánus prompta devotióne et álacri fide ad ventúra sollémnia váleat festináre.

Before going deeper into its content, it should be noted that this new text for the Missal of Paul VI was composed on the basis of a prayer from the sacramentary. Gelasianum Vetus and to a Lenten sermon by Pope St. Leo the Great (+461). 

From amazement to joy

The structure of this sentence consists of the shortest possible invocation -Deus-followed by an interesting anamnesis clause and a single petition. The part of greatest theological depth is that recollection of the admirable way in which the Father brings about the reconciliation of the human race through his Word. This is the key around which not only the text of the Collect but the whole liturgy revolves, since the reconciliation of humanity through the Word made man is the center of our faith. 

Let us note the fine way in which the Church converts doctrine into contemplation with a single word: mirabiliter. Liturgical prayer (lex orandi) proposes the truth that we must believe (lex credendi), but it also helps us to desire it, awakening our amazement. The attention is fixed on that way so out of the ordinary, so proper to the work of God, the only one capable of doing truly "admirable" things. The use of this adverb projects us towards Easter Sunday, where admiration will reach its climax in the Easter Proclamation: "What an astonishing benefit of your love for us! What incomparable tenderness and charity! To redeem the slave, you gave the Son! Necessary was the sin of Adam, which has been erased by the death of Christ. Blessed is the guilt that deserved such a Redeemer!

Let us find here the strongest foundation of our joy as Christians, in this amazement at the love of God the Trinity for mankind that leads the Church to invite her children to rejoice, to rejoice and to exult with joy. It is very appropriate to quote one of the first texts of the pontificate of Francis: "The joy of the Gospel fills the heart and the whole life of those who encounter Jesus. Those who allow themselves to be saved by him are freed from sin, from sadness, from inner emptiness, from isolation. With Jesus Christ joy is always born and reborn".

From joy to haste

It is not about remembering amazing events of the past, which no longer affect us. The present indicative of the verb operis emphasizes that reconciliation continues to take place today, especially through the action of the Holy Spirit in the liturgical celebration; it is something that affects us existentially. From this conviction comes what we then ask of God: that his people may be able to hasten (festinare) in order to arrive at these upcoming solemnities with a ready, willing and prepared delivery (prompta devotione) and a lively, active, animated faith (alacri fide).

The collection for the Fourth Sunday of Lent transmits this movement to us, it reminds us that we are on pilgrimage. It makes us think, for example, of the joyful and hasty march of the Virgin (cum festinatione) when she went to visit Elizabeth, when she learned from the angel that her cousin was in the sixth month of pregnancy (cf. Lk 1:39); and also in the firm decision with which Jesus went up to Jerusalem with his disciples, when his Passion was already near (cf. Lk 9:51; 12:50; 13:33).

Amazement and joy set God's people on the way. To be sustained on the way and to reach the end, it is necessary to ask for faith, faith with works, and also to be willing to carry one's cross generously in pursuit of the Master. The reward will be to enter into his Kingdom, into joy, into Life. St. Josemaría used to say that "authentic love brings with it joy: a joy that has its roots in the form of the Cross" (Forge, n. 28). A Christian's penance is joyful, not because it does not cost him, but because he lives joyfully in Christ, even when he identifies himself with him by carrying the Cross. And on the horizon of his journey, which he travels with haste, joyful faith and diligent dedication, is the feast that will never end.

The authorCarlos Guillén

Priest from Peru. Liturgist.

The Vatican

Vincenzo Paglia appeals to the need for an ethics of algorithms

The multiplicity of fields in which Artificial Intelligence intervenes and its influence on daily life makes it necessary to reflect on it in order to orient it towards the common good.

Antonino Piccione-March 17, 2023-Reading time: 6 minutes

"In order to meet the challenges of AI, the Rome Appeal proposes an algorethics, that is, an ethics of algorithms, capable of acting not as an instrument of containment, but as an orientation and guide, based on the principles of the Social Doctrine of the Church: dignity of the person, justice, subsidiarity and solidarity. The addressees are society as a whole, organizations, governments, institutions, international technology companies: all are needed to share a sense of responsibility that guarantees to all humanity a future in which digital innovation and technological progress put the human being at the center".

This is one of the key passages of the speech delivered by Msgr. Vincenzo Paglia, President of the Pontifical Academy for Life, in the framework of the Day of study and formation for journalists, promoted by the ISCOM Association and the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross.

Technological innovation has always been a feature of the information world. With the power of algorithms, today's Artificial Intelligence increasingly conditions the scenarios of journalism. Automation processes raise ethical, professional and legal questions. They end up affecting the very foundations of the journalistic profession: independence, training, ethics.

Is it possible to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the technological leap while safeguarding the journalist's culture, sense of smell and sensitivity? This is the central question of the initiative that has been debated by academics, information professionals, jurists and digital experts.

Pope Francis, in the audience granted last February 20 to the Pontifical Academy for Life, said the following, in reference to the much broader topic of bioethics: "It is paradoxical to speak of an 'augmented' man if one forgets that the human body refers to the integral good of the person and, therefore, cannot be identified only with the biological organism", a wrong approach in this field actually ends up not by 'augmenting', but by 'compressing' man".

Hence," continues the Pontiff, "the importance of knowledge on a human, organic scale," even in the theological sphere, in order to promote a new humanism, a new technological humanism we might say. The Holy Father's words serve as a kind of backdrop to the reflection of Monsignor Vincenzo Paglia, for whom "the core of the debate surrounding artificial intelligence - that is, what makes this specific technology unique and enormously powerful - is its ability to act on its own: AI adapts its behavior according to the situation, analyzes the effects of its previous actions and works autonomously. Advances in computing power, the availability of huge amounts of data and the development of new algorithms have led artificial intelligence to make epochal leaps in recent years."

As for the pervasive influence of Artificial Intelligence, of which few are fully aware, "it is good to read," suggests Paglia, "Susanna Zuboff's book, Surveillance capitalism, in which the author shows the enormous power over our lives of those who hold the data collected and processed through AI over our lives."

To the point - the book says - that the surveillance capitalists know everything about us, while it is impossible for us to know what they know. They accumulate an infinite amount of data and knowledge about us, but not for us. They take advantage of our future so that someone else can benefit, but not us.

As long as surveillance capitalism and its marketplace of future behaviors can thrive, ownership of the new means of behavior modification will eclipse the means of production as a source of wealth and power in the 21st century.

Avoiding a Manichean approach, that is, avoiding enthusiastic adhesions and unfounded exclusions, in line with Day's approach, according to which it is not a matter of choosing between the two extremes, between the ultra-technophiles who extol the praises and exalt the emerging technologies and the technophobic pessimists who demonize them, Paglia draws attention to what he considers "the decisive issue", namely that "these devices have no body. They are machines that can process abstract streams of data. But only machines. The fact that we perceive behaviors or effects of processes with automation leads us to overlook the fact that machines come to us through very different processes. They are an imitation of appearances. In reality, machines do not speak to us, listen to us, or respond to us, simply because they do not even know we exist and do not understand what they are saying to us."

Faced with the risk that the impetuous development of technology may lose sight of the human dimension, the Pontifical Academy for Life organized in 2020 the conference "The Human Dimension of Life".RenAIssance. For a humanistic artificial intelligence', and jointly promoted, on February 28 of the same year in Rome, the signing of an appeal for responsibility.

This appeal took the name - recalls Paglia - of Rome Appeal for the Ethics of AI, and "was signed in the first instance by myself, as president of the Pontifical Academy; by Brad Smith, president of Microsoft; by John Kelly III, deputy CEO of IBM; by Qu Dongyu, director general of the FAO; and by the then Minister for Technological Innovation and Digitalization Paola Pisano on behalf of the Italian government. We were also able to count at the time on the presence and applause of the then President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli".

In order to orient the challenges of AI towards respect for the dignity of every human being, the President of the Pontifical Academy for Life specifies that "the Appeal of Rome proposes an algorethics, that is, an ethics of algorithms, capable of acting not as an instrument of containment, but as orientation and guidance". The Pope says about algorethics: "it aims to ensure a competent and shared verification of the processes by which the relationships between human beings and machines are integrated in our time. In the common pursuit of these objectives, the principles of the Social Doctrine of the Church make a decisive contribution: dignity of the person, justice, subsidiarity and solidarity. They express the commitment to be at the service of each person in his or her integrity, without discrimination or exclusion. But the complexity of the technological world calls for a more articulated ethical elaboration, so that this commitment can be truly "incisive".

Who are the recipients? All of society, answers Paglia, organizations, governments, institutions, international technology companies: "all are needed to share a sense of responsibility that guarantees all of humanity a future in which digital innovation and technological progress put the human being at the center".

What commitments do the signatories undertake and on the basis of what fundamental principles?
There are six, Paglia explains, the guiding principles of conduct that signatories are called upon to observe: "Transparency: in principle, artificial intelligence systems must be understandable; Inclusion: the needs of all human beings must be taken into account so that everyone can benefit and offer all individuals the best possible conditions for expression and development; Responsibility: those who design and implement artificial intelligence solutions must proceed with responsibility and transparency; Impartiality: do not create or act on the basis of bias, thus safeguarding fairness and human dignity; Reliability: artificial intelligence systems must be able to operate reliably; Security and privacy: artificial intelligence systems must operate securely and respect the privacy of users."

The Rome Appeal is above all a cultural movement that wants to bring about change, so much so that it has reached its interreligious signature. "Thus, on January 10 of this year, before the Pope, we presented ourselves together with representatives of the Abu Dhabi Peace Forum (Arab Emirates) and the Commission for Interreligious Dialogue of the Chief Rabbinate of Israel. On the same day, after the first signatories of the Rome Appeal confirmed their commitment to the conception and realization of an artificial intelligence that follows its principles, we brought together prominent speakers who analyzed the subject from both a religious and secular perspective," adds Paglia, aware that "religions have played and will continue to play a crucial role in shaping a world in which the human being is at the center of the concept of development. For this reason, an ethical development of artificial intelligence must also be approached from an interfaith perspective. At our January event, the three Abrahamic religions came together to guide humanity's search for meaning in this new era."

The next step - concluded Monsignor Vincenzo Paglia - is the involvement of Eastern religions, with the intention that in 2024, in Japan, "we will join our voices to those of our brothers and sisters of other religious traditions, so that technological conquests are used for the benefit of all, and promote human dignity, equity and justice", and "shared values such as human fraternity, instead of division and mistrust".

The authorAntonino Piccione

The Vatican

Women as the key to interpreting the future

The presence, leadership and the richness that the feminine perspective brings to the Church and society have been some of the main themes of Pope Francis' recent speeches.

Giovanni Tridente-March 17, 2023-Reading time: 3 minutes

Inclusion, respect and creativity. These are three fundamental characteristics, according to the Pope FrancisThe feminine is capable of transmitting in a specific way, exercising that "care" that our society needs to achieve a "better world". Elements of true leadership that make women uniquely extraordinary to face - together with other social actors - the challenges of our time.

Reflections that the Holy Father has shared in recent days with scholars and researchers gathered under the aegis of the Strategic Alliance of Catholic Research Universities (SACRU) - the network of universities that collaborate on an ongoing basis to promote excellence in studies in the field of the social doctrine of the Church - and members of the Centesimus Annus Pro Pontifice" Foundation"The meeting was held in Rome precisely for an initiative on women's leadership.

Care

The theme of care refers back to the Mass at the beginning of his pontificate, a few years ago. ten yearson the solemnity of San Joseon March 19, 2013, when the newly elected pontiff referred precisely to the putative father of Jesus, strong, courageous and hardworking, but from whose soul springs "a great tenderness, which is not the virtue of the weak, but rather the opposite: it denotes strength of spirit and capacity for attention, compassion, true openness to others, love".

Aspects that may well be applied to the sensitivity of the women and project them to give life in the world to a "greater inclusiveness" and "greater respect for others. This means, according to the Pontiff, recognizing that "true wisdom, with its thousand facets, is learned and lived by walking together," and in so doing becomes "a generator of peace."

Integrating everyone

Today, in fact, it is even more necessary to "integrate everyone, especially the most economically, culturally, racially and gender fragile", safeguarding the "sacred principle" of excluding no one. In short, as a mother would do with her children: "inclusive, always".

All persons must therefore be "respected in their dignity and fundamental rights", especially if it is a question of womenwho unfortunately are "more easily subjected to violence and abuse". Among them, the Pope Francis points out, as she has done on other occasions, economic discrimination - "they pay you less" - or even dismissal after pregnancy, a real "scourge".

The Holy Father's invitation is not to leave women victims of abuse and exploitation without a voice, to speak out of their pain and denounce the many injustices to which they are subjected.

On the other hand, space must also be given to the action of women themselves, "naturally and powerfully sensitive and oriented to the protection of life in every state, in every age and condition".

Creativity

Another characteristic to be valued is creativity, in order to face today's challenges in a new and original way, since the "female contribution to the common good is undeniable", just think of the many women mentioned in Sacred Scripture or in the history of the Church who, with courage, have allowed "important turning points at decisive moments in the history of salvation". Among them are also the women "next door" who heroically carry forward "difficult marriages, children with problems...".

Pope Francis then declared himself edified by the determination, courage, fidelity, but also by the "capacity to suffer and to transmit joy, honesty, humility, tenacity" and patience of the women he met. women and mothers, that when they are entrusted with even complex tasks, then "things go better".

Harmonious synthesis

The Pontiff made a final reference to the recent context, notorious in recent weeks, related to artificial intelligence, where also here the contribution of women remains indispensable.

Faced with a scenario that is still unknown and not yet fully explored, where one travels by conjecture and approximations, the female presence would have "so much to say", because women "know how to synthesize in a unique way, in their way of acting, three languages: that of the mind, the heart and the hands".

A "brilliance" that women themselves, thank God, are also capable of transmitting to men.

Sunday Readings

To follow one's vocation. Solemnity of St. Joseph (A)

Joseph Evans comments on the readings for the Solemnity of St. Joseph and Luis Herrera offers a brief video homily.

Joseph Evans-March 17, 2023-Reading time: 2 minutes

St. Joseph is a great saint because he was always ready to respond to God's challenges. To use an image from the world of tennis, Joseph was always willing to respond to whatever serve life threw at him. And each challenge led him to greater fidelity. 

The Gospel of today's solemnity - a feast that fills us with so much joy and encourages us to renew our own vocation - shows us Joseph having to face one of the greatest challenges anyone can face: the thought of losing the love of his life. And his anguish was even greater because he was facing a distressing situation without knowing how it had come about. Mary was pregnant, but how? Numerous theories have been proposed as to what Joseph might have been thinking, but the key point is that his priority is not to embarrass Mary. Isn't it amazing that the first episode we find in the Christian gospels is about a man trying not to embarrass a woman? There are great lessons here, especially for us men. The Gospels are much more "feminists" than we think.

So she decided to put an end to the betrothal in the most discreet way possible. While she was thinking about this, an angel of the Lord appeared to her in a dream and said: "Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary your wife, for the child in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will bear a son, and you are to name him Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins."What is the angel saying here? He is saying to St. Joseph (and to us through him): do not be afraid to follow your vocation. A vocation that for St. Joseph was both marriage and celibacy, as it was for Our Lady. Mary and Joseph lived both vocations and, therefore, are models for both married and celibate people.

The angel tells Joseph: do not be afraid to live your vocation knowing that this is totally beyond you, that God has intervened, that you are entering a situation in which you are totally inadequate, that it takes you far beyond the limited - though perfectly legitimate - plans you had made ("that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Spirit".).

Don't be afraid to enter into a situation where the Holy Spirit does things you don't understand, asks you for a level of love you never expected, even a whole new level of purity and refinement. Don't be afraid to allow the Holy Spirit to complicate your life with the entrance of God made man into it. God broke into your life in a whole new way, just as He breaks into ours. For most of us it is a call to marriage; some of us are called to celibacy.

Today's feast challenges us to consider how we respond to God's plans, which often means changing our own, aware that those plans may also come to us through intermediaries, just as God's plans came to Joseph through an angel.

Homily on the readings of the Solemnity of St. Joseph (A)

The priest Luis Herrera Campo offers its nanomiliaA short one-minute reflection for these Sunday readings.

Vocations

Jean-Luc MoensI don't want to go to heaven without my wife".

Mathematician, married and father of seven children, Jean-Luc Moens is a member of the Emmanuel community, one of the charismatic communities of the Catholic Church. In an interview granted to Omnes, he tells us how he lives this call of God in the midst of the world with the particularities of the community to which he belongs.

Leticia Sánchez de León-March 16, 2023-Reading time: 8 minutes

Jean-Luc Moens is a layman, father of a family, known throughout the Catholic charismatic scene.

He was the first moderator of Charis, an institution erected on December 8, 2018 by the will of Pope Francis and which brings together various charismatic entities of the Catholic Church throughout the world.

During his term as moderator, Moens defended the importance of an authentic spiritual experience, unity among the members of the charismatic community and collaboration with other realities of the Catholic Church.

In 2021 he left his position as moderator of Charis to take care of his family, especially his daughter, who became seriously ill during that period.

How is your daughter?

- The same. He had a stroke, his heart stopped. It's not clear why it happened, but for a while he was not feeling well, and one day he fell to the ground, in front of his daughter. My daughter said to her daughter at the time, "Call the ambulance." When the ambulance arrived, his heart stopped. They gave her - as is normal in these cases - the resuscitation maneuver, only they did it for 45 minutes.... she was 42 years old at the time.

Jean-Luc Moens
Jean-Luc Moens with his wife and daughter

When she was still in a coma after the first stroke, her husband abandoned her. My daughter was left with nothing: she lost her body, her husband, her house, her children, her job. She lost everything. Now she has hemiplegia (paralysis of half of her body) on the left side; and her right leg does not work well either.

In addition, the stroke damaged her brain and she has lost her immediate memory, she forgets recent things. At some point, talking to her children, she says, "How was school?" -and they tell him- and after an hour, the same question, "How was school?". It's very hard for them because they don't understand what's going on.

At first, my wife and I looked for a place where we could take her in and take good care of her, with all the particularities that the disease entails, but they were all old people's homes and she is so young...so we transformed our house so that she could live with us. We put in everything electric so that she could open the doors, an elevator so she could go up to the second floor, etc.

I tell all this to say that, in spite of everything, I know that God loves me. And I see in this situation a plan of God for me. I don't know if we will see that plan here on earth, but we will certainly see it in heaven. We have to think about it this way, because if not, it is impossible to go on.

This year is the year of St. Therese of Lisieux and she always said in her letters: "Jesus has sent me this suffering, thank you Jesus". All this makes our faith grow. Without faith it is difficult to face difficulties. What the Lord gives us to live, is also to give witness and hope, because we must hope.

When Jesus asks his apostles, "Who do you say that I am?" Peter replies, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God," and Jesus replies as if to say, "Well done, my Father has inspired this to you." But then he adds - "Now I have to go to Jerusalem to be rejected, imprisoned, crucified..." and then Peter says, "Ah no, not that."

We are like Peter: we want a glorious Christ, but we do not accept a crucified Christ. And this is also our vocation. Because everything changes if we see our life as a whole. I may live 80 or 85 years or die tomorrow, but it is not the end.

I see time on earth and time after death in a mathematical way: time on earth is a limited time that is inserted in an infinite whole, "timelessness". The important thing is to observe our life as a whole, so that what I live now will find its meaning and reward in the second part.

Regarding infinity, you are a mathematician. This idea of infinity, the concept of eternity, how do you understand it? How can you accept that infinite, eternal time, to which we all aspire?

- Someone said "Eternity is very long, especially at the end" (he laughs). I think a lot about eternity: we humans live inserted in a concrete time, and we don't have the capacity to imagine what eternity is like.

But, as a mathematician, I explain it to myself as follows: We live in three dimensions: the first dimension is linear, it is time, like a horizontal line. If we add a second dimension, a vertical line, we would have space. And with these two conditions of time and space it is possible for movement, the third dimension, to exist. If we leave for a moment those three dimensions (space, time and movement) and we see everything from outside, we would be in a fourth dimension, and if I am outside these dimensions, I see everything in an instant.

This is God for us: he is outside space-time and sees everything in an instant. Eternity is an instant and a present that never ends. But it is a present, not a waiting.

Because if we think of eternity as a time that does not end, we would not want to go, because we would find it boring. That said, it remains a mystery to human eyes.

Mathematician, married, with 7 children and 13 grandchildren. Your vocation came late in life. What is vocation for you?

- Call. "Vocare" is "to call." I am convinced that God calls each one with a unique plan. God never does things in series, each one is unique. What is holiness? It is to become what God wanted me to be. The saint is the one who fully realizes his vocation.

Carlo Acutis used to say: "Everyone is born original and unfortunately they die as photocopies". The saint is the one who remains original, and that is our vocation.

For me vocation is not just knowing if I will marry, if I will be a priest, etc. Certainly, it is part of the vocation, but vocation is also my place in the Church, what the Lord asks of me, my mission, how I am called by Him to serve - to serve Him - in the world. In this sense there is an infinity of vocations, and that is the beauty of it. Clearly the fulfillment of my vocation is to be married, to be a father, grandfather, etc., but my vocation is also to evangelize, to make God known.

Vocation implies something broader, more extensive and that I freely accept. It is not that God has called me and put me on rails like a train that follows a pre-established path and does not go off the rails. When one takes another route that perhaps is not the one God wants for him, God adjusts his plan in some way.

I also feel very fortunate to live at this time in history. Because in this time, after Vatican II, as a layman, I can be sure that my vocation is holiness. As a layman, I have been an evangelizer all my life.

Forty-five years ago I spoke to a priest, and I said, "I would like to be a missionary," and he said, "But you are married and have children, that is impossible." But it was possible. I was chosen to evangelize full time. What an immense grace! We are all called to be witnesses of the Faith in the world, but I had the grace of being able to do it full time, in community. And this is a gift from God in my life that I thank Him for every day.

Jean Luc Moens

This "call", this mission that you mention, becomes a reality in your life through the community to which you belong, the Emmanuel Community. What is the charism of this community?

- Like any charism it is difficult to explain in a few words, but we can say that the basis is the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. And this outpouring has changed my life. I was a Christian because I was born into a Christian family: I went to Mass every Sunday and prayed the three Hail Marys at my bedside every night, nothing else. Then I received the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and began to have a personal relationship with God, with Jesus. Jesus became a person for me, with whom I talk a lot. And to whom I also try to listen (he laughs).

Our community was born from the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and, together with this, the moments of fraternal sharing with the other members of the community are important. In fact, the vocation of Emmanuel is to make God known to all people, whether they are far away or close to the Church. Its members are committed together to live adoration, compassion for the needy, evangelization, communion of states of life (laity, priests, consecrated together) and the special devotion to Therese of Lisieux to advance on the path of holiness.

Because how does the Spirit speak? Often we would like to hear the voice of God: "Jean Luc, you have to do this", but usually we don't. I have heard the voice of God in my life, but the normal thing is to listen to the brothers. I have heard the voice of God in my life, but the normal thing is to listen to the brothers and God speaks through the brothers.

I always like to make a comparison: What is a community charisma? It is like a cocktail. The Church is like a wine cellar where all the ingredients are, all of them belong to the Church. Each community takes certain ingredients in different quantities.

For example, if we take the ingredient of poverty, evangelization, love for the Church, and mix it well, we have the Franciscans. If we add preaching, study, we have the Dominicans; and if we take the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, fraternal life, adoration, compassion for the poor... we mix it all well. et voilàThe Emmanuel Community. Which is unique. But in every cocktail there is a base liquid or main ingredient: for us it is the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and fraternal life.

A community charism is, in fact, a path to holiness. I entered a community to be a saint, nothing less. I want to be a saint. And with our particular charism and together with my brothers, and through the other elements that I have already mentioned, I travel a path of holiness, but, which lasts a lifetime obviously, it is not that when I entered, I became a saint, it is a path and that is my true vocation. And this gives me immense joy.

You were the moderator of Charis until you decided to leave your position due to your daughter's health problems. Do you consider the family the first place where your vocation materializes?

- Of course. My first place of holiness, of this calling, is my family, and first of all my wife. I didn't get married to be out doing other things. I believe that the vocation to holiness, wherever it may be, is lived above all in the family; I cannot become a saint far from my family, or from my wife. in spite of my family.

No, I can become a saint because I am married, I am a father, I am a grandfather, and that is where the Lord is waiting for me, and when I said that the Lord speaks through the brothers, the Lord speaks to me through my wife first of all, because I cannot listen to others without first listening to my wife.

I believe that we have reached a moment in the history of the Church in which this call to holiness of the laity, of married people and of the family as a whole, is becoming clearer and clearer.

I see that awareness of family sanctity is beginning to emerge: the Ulma family, for example, a Polish family, will be beatified all together, as a family: the parents and the six children and also the seventh child they were expecting.

Another example is the Rugamba family in Rwanda - I am helping in the cause of beatification and I hope they will be beatified soon - and so many other examples that are making it clear that married life is also a call to holiness, and the Church wants to give this sign to married people.

I don't want to go to heaven without my wife. And I want all my children, even my children-in-law, all of them, to go with me to heaven. And that's why I pray for each one of them every day.

The authorLeticia Sánchez de León

Culture

The mystery of another presence. The chapel of St. John Paul II in the cathedral of Madrid.

A few months ago, Cardinal Carlos Osoro, Archbishop of Madrid, inaugurated a chapel dedicated to St. John Paul II in the Almudena Cathedral in Madrid, the work of architects Benjamín Cano and Diego Escario. In addition to a brief description of the chapel, we reflect on some of the symbolisms of Christian architecture from its origins to the present day, which are present in this work by Cano and Escario.

Andrés Iráizoz-March 16, 2023-Reading time: 6 minutes

Cathedrals are buildings designed to last "forever" and it is common that over the centuries works are carried out in them that, little by little, alter their physiognomy. When the cathedral of Santa María la Real de la Almudena there was a series of side chapels, one of which is the one that the Cathedral Chapter decided to dedicate to St. John Paul IIPope who dedicated the cathedral in 1993. 

When the commission came to Cano and Escario's studio, there was already a first chapel that they decided to respect and they designed an interior envelope made with a series of wooden porches very close to each other that allow to see through it the original architecture but with a very subtlety achieved, because the visitor experiences being in a completely new chapel. 

That is to say, Cano and Escario propose their performance as a scenic spatial plot within the space of a side chapel. This, in turn, is framed in the overall space of the cathedral.

General view of the chapel of John Paul II. ©Archimadrid/Luis Millán

Symbolic elements

At the entrance to the chapel, there is a large rock that symbolizes the material dimension of creation. The marble rock, in addition to this significance, refers to the primacy of Peter and apostolic continuity.

Just behind this stone, like a boat, there is a longitudinal and narrow table on the far end of which there is a paschal candle, on whose vertical, attached from heaven or Abraham's bosom, hang three luminaries symbolizing the Holy Trinity.

Traditionally, stone was used in temples for the materialization of their vaults, symbolizing the celestial and/or sacred realm. 

Here there is an apparent change, as Cano and Escario have opted for the use of wood, a choice of great interest and subtlety because, in essence, the idea is to symbolize the union of the faithful in the building of the church. If in some examples, the faithful are represented by the carved stones, here it is the pieces of wood in their successive porticoes, thirty centimeters apart from each other, that make the original chapel transparent: it is the Church in motion, in tradition and vibrantly current, configuring the structure of the Chapel, thus symbolizing the place of this world and the work of man in his design to dominate creation. 

Reliquary with the blood vial of the Holy Pope. ©Archimadrid/Luis Millán

Joseph's workshop would also be represented here, recalling, in this wood, both the Church's commitment to creation and the Polish Pope's passion for forests and mountains.

St. John Paul II began his pontificate by commending the whole Church to the Virgin Mary with that memorable invocation ".Totus Tuus". (All yours). In this chapel, perhaps we miss, figuratively, that mystery of the virginal Marian presence. However, perhaps in a more cryptic way, in these Petrine settings we want to intuit, already reflected in its section, something like the maternal cloister of Our Mother, Saint Mary. In this sense, it should be noted that one of the novelties introduced by Christian architecture was that, unlike the classical temples of Greece and Rome, the faithful passed into the interior of the temple. This concept is embodied in the general conception of Christian churches in which, like a mother's womb, the faithful are engendered in the world of grace.

In this case, we can also see this gestating presence both in the floor plan and in the section. While in other chapels of the cathedral it is not possible to access its interior, but they are conceived only for observation, in this chapel of St. John Paul II we can establish an internal tour that tells us about the beginning and end of the significance of the symbols included.

The purity of the spiritual dimension is symbolized in the light emitted by the paschal candle and the lights interspersed as luminaries between the wooden porticoes that symbolize the dawn and the shadows of the life of the faithful and the saints, giving an impression of the background in perspective with its seriality. They are the milestones and lights that Providence marks on the path of wandering through this life until reaching the Father.

In this symbolic group, we can also understand that we are seeing the mystery of our redemption, in which Jesus Christ is incarnated in matter (rock) and after his life represented in the boat, which in turn is the Church, after his Ascension, he opened the way that leads to the encounter with God the Father. 

Rock with the opening words of the pontificate of St. John Paul II. ©Archimadrid/Luis Millán

This wooden ascent breaks through the paths of life, from the beginning of the checkerboard floor to the zenith of redemption from which the Cross of Christ hangs. 

Below it, as a sacramental preamble, there is a confessional for penitents.

The slats that rise from the ground plane towards it, break their path and directionality in a graceful itinerary, like children who are always playing in its presence. 

These tables house in the lower part of the chapel some rhomboidal luminaries with photos of the life of the Pope or of the life of St. John Paul II as significant milestones of his history and passage through this life. These scenes from the life of the saint are like windows that open from his intimacy to the exterior space of the faithful.

At the back of the chapel there is a large photo of St. John Paul II behind which is located the space for the ministry of penance, which, together with the Eucharist and the other sacraments, is the way established by Jesus Christ to initiate our resurrection already in this life. This - the confessional - by grace elevates us penitentially to the Father. In other words, the penitent is thus transformed into an embryo destined to be born into eternal life. Man is thus shown to be the image and likeness of God, sanctified by grace and elevated to the supernatural order.

In this case, since it is a penitential chapel and there is no altar, this image remains as a frontal before the confessional, symbolizing the enormous dedication and appreciation for this sacrament in the life and teaching of Pope Wojtyła. As the Dean of the Cathedral pointed out at the inauguration, it would be a nice attitude of the visitor, before entering the chapel, that consideration of the saint to the young people who said: "enter, do not be afraid and open the doors to Christ"; words pronounced by him immediately after his accession to the Petrine ministry.

In one of the lateral rhombuses, also backlit, the reliquary that was kept in the cathedral of Madrid has been placed, in that first space dedicated to the Polish Pope, housing a vial with his blood.

One of the walls of the chapel. ©Archimadrid/Luis Millán

If we look at the formal aspects of the scenic plot that the chapel offers us, we could say that it has minimalist reminiscences, organic Nord-European architecture, conceptual art and a particular "manner" of arranging and conceiving things with a marked expressiveness.

There is a great formal purification that in turn reveals architecturally certain complexity and contradiction in the language used. The games and warps that the elements of the wooden porches in their coming and going, lowering and raising asymmetrically ... etc., attest to this.

We could also speak of a trace or symbolic air of the Holy Week processions, with a certain nocturnal effect of the same. Something like the collective unconscious that the artists, I do not know if willingly or unwillingly, have left captured. It is the archetypal dream of the sacred in man manifested by its symbolic rituals. Scenarios of a journey: the mystery of another presence.

The authorAndrés Iráizoz

Architect.

Sunday Readings

A new look. Fourth Sunday of Lent (A)

Joseph Evans comments on the readings for the Fourth Sunday of Lent and Luis Herrera offers a brief video homily.

Joseph Evans-March 16, 2023-Reading time: 2 minutes

Lent is meant to prepare us for the great conquest of light over darkness that is the Resurrection of Christ. And in today's readings the Church leads us to a deeper faith in Jesus, presenting it as true vision, participation in his light. There is a vision that transcends the physical. There is a light that is not only seeing, but also living. There are people who, simply by their life, give light. That is why St. Paul says to the Ephesians in today's second reading: "Before you were darkness, but now you are light through the Lord. Live as children of light". And he quotes a saying that seems to have been in circulation at the time: "Awake thou that sleepest, arise from the dead, and Christ shall enlighten thee.".

The Gospel focuses on this same theme with St. John's account of the healing of the man born blind. This man was physically blind, but thanks to faith in Christ he recovers his sight. But Jesus stresses that his true sight is spiritual, his faith. Our Lord contrasts this with the Pharisees who, though physically able to see, remain in spiritual darkness because of their lack of faith. So Our Lord concludes the miracle by saying: "For a judgment I have come into this world: that those who do not see may see, and those who see may become blind.".

The Church encourages us to see in a new way through growth in faith. We can do all the Lenten acts we want, but if we end this time without a deeper faith in Jesus Christ as God made man and our Savior, all our efforts will have been in vain. We want to live in our own lives this extraordinary exchange between Jesus and the man born blind: "Do you believe in the Son of man?". asked the Lord. And he answered: "And who is he, Lord, that I should believe in him?". Jesus said to him: "You have seen him, and it is he who speaks to you.". And he replied: "I believe, Lord."and adored him. We are invited to know Jesus better and to see him more clearly with the eyes of faith.

The first reading also speaks of sight in the episode of the prophet Samuel who finds and anoints David king. When Jesse introduces him to his eldest sons, Samuel is impressed and thinks that one of them must be the chosen one. But God tells him not to take any notice of their appearance or stature: "It is not a question of what man sees. For man looks at the eyes, but the Lord looks at the heart". And finally David, the youngest, a mere boy, will be the chosen one.

Faith will lead us to see others more as God sees them, to realize their divine potential despite possibly disappointing first impressions. Faith is an anointing, an outpouring of grace upon us, so that we may confidently follow God as sheep follow their shepherd. By faith we see God, also in others, and follow him with confidence.

Homily on the readings of the Fourth Sunday of Lent (A)

The priest Luis Herrera Campo offers its nanomiliaA short one-minute reflection for these Sunday readings.

Vocations

Carlos Chiclana: "Priests must take care of themselves in order to take care of others".

What kind of priests does the Church need today? What should their human and spiritual formation be like? Do they miss anything in this formation? These are some of the questions addressed at the March 15 Omnes Forum on the affective life and priestly personality.

María José Atienza / Paloma López-March 15, 2023-Reading time: 4 minutes

Joan Enric Vives, archbishop and president of the Episcopal Commission for the Clergy and Seminaries of the Spanish Episcopal Conference, and Dr. Carlos Chiclana, psychiatrist and author of "Retos, risks and opportunities in the affective life of the priest", were the speakers at the last Omnes Forum focused on Affective Life and Priestly Personality. Keys to formation, organized in conjunction with the CARF Foundation and with the collaboration of the bank Sabadell.

Dozens of people gathered at the headquarters of the Carlos de Amberes Foundation (Madrid, Spain), on Wednesday, March 15 for this Forum, which highlighted the need for clear and adequate formation during seminary time and during priestly life, as well as the main conclusions that Dr. Chiclana's team has drawn from its study "....Challenges, risks and opportunities of the priest's affective life", in which more than a hundred priests and seminarians participated.

The director of Omnes, Alfonso Riobó, welcomed speakers and attendees, stressing that "affectivity and happiness are closely related", since through good training, "affectivity can be integrated into the personality as a whole", a necessary aspect for the fulfillment of any person.

"Priestly formation is a single great way."

Joan Enric Vives, Archbishop and President of the Episcopal Commission for the Clergy and Seminaries of the Spanish Episcopal Conference and Bishop of Urgell, was the first to speak. In his intervention he referred to "Forming missionary pastorsThe "Plan for Priestly Formation of the Church in Spain, a document that obtained total unanimity on the part of all the Spanish bishops", essential for understanding the formation process of priests and seminarians. In this text, it can be seen that "priestly formation is a single great path".

Vives wanted to start from the idea that the sacrament of Holy Orders consists in "making the grace of the fatherhood of God reach everyone". The priest, the bishop explained, is "a bearer 24 hours a day, all his life, until he dies, of the grace of priestly ordination for the Church and for the world". Precisely for this reason, it is important that "the formation process lasts a lifetime, not only during the seminary period.

In this regard, the Bishop of Urgell stressed that "psychiatry and priestly formation have to go together, they have to seek together the welfare of our priests and seminarians". Especially important is "the collaboration with psychiatry and psychology in the period of vocational discernment".

All this without forgetting that "one also forms oneself, welcoming the gift of God, allowing the Holy Spirit to form you in the Church and in the paths that life opens up for us".

The importance of taking care of the heart

Vives pointed out that "priests, as men that they are, do not cease to have some needs and shortcomings. Therefore, it is good that "they have as a motto for life the importance of letting themselves be helped.

The help they can get is aimed at taking care of the heart, something that Pope Francis has echoed many times. Writing the role of the heart is constantly emphasized.

But why is it important to take care of the heart? As Vives affirmed, because this attention allows "to form the heart of man so that he can love as Christ loves his Church".

Keys to formation in pastoral charity

Joan Enric Vives ended his talk by specifying five keys to formation in pastoral charity, in order to help both seminarians and priests. The points mentioned by the bishop were:

  • Acquire the feelings of the Son of God
  • Feeling with the People of God, feeling it as one's own
  • To give consistency to the personality
  • Living fraternity
  • Welcoming simplicity of life, poverty and spiritual infancy
  • Fostering an evangelizing or missionary spirit

Spiritual life as the center of everything

The second speaker was psychiatrist Carlos Chiclana, who focused his presentation on the results of the aforementioned study. A total of 128 priests and seminarians participated in this study, with an average age of approximately 50 and 20 years of priestly life.

Dr. Chiclana explained that the study was based on "five open-ended questions about what challenges seemed most significant for the affective life of a priest, what risks they appreciated, what opportunities they saw, what helped them in particular in their formation on affectivity and what they missed in the formation".

The results showed that "the areas of greatest interest are spiritual life, loneliness, interpersonal relationships and training", however, Chiclana clarified that among the participants "it is not shown that they lacked training in relation to loneliness, both physical and emotional".

The conclusions of the study

Carlos Chiclana affirmed that, taking into account the data provided by the study, it is important "to strengthen in priests all that is relational, friendship", so that "they can live human relationships with normality, intimacy, affective freedom and commitment".

In addition, the psychiatrist proposed "that all seminarians be psychologically evaluated to help them". In order to know them better and help them "to put all the necessary means to mature in their personal vocation". And, along with all this, to reinforce the idea that "priests have to take care of themselves in order to be able to take care of others".

Antidotes against loneliness

Dr. Chiclana, like Vives, wanted to specify some points and, in his case, they referred to the fight against the loneliness that can afflict priests and seminarians:

  • Orderly attachment that provides safety and security
  • Social integration
  • Nurturing relationships with others
  • Reaffirmation of the value
  • Reliable partnership with others
  • Guidance through someone trustworthy and experienced

Responsibility and integration

After the presentations, there was a question and answer session in which issues such as the accompaniment of the priests of the families in the Christian communities were raised. To which Dr. Chiclana responded that "the first and simplest thing is material". If priests are helped in day-to-day matters, pastors can devote more time to the administration of the sacraments and to their spiritual life.

For his part, Vives explained that "there is a mutual responsibility" that should lead us to "foster different forms of fraternity", in order to take care of each other.

They also discussed the idea of excluding a pathway, whether spiritual or psychological, when the priest or seminarian has some kind of discomfort, causing the problem to try to be solved from a very limited point of view. In this aspect, Dr. Chiclana stressed the importance of promoting integrity in all aspects of the person, so that each issue is worked on in the most appropriate way, thus managing to "integrate both spiritual and human aspects".

The authorMaría José Atienza / Paloma López

The Vatican

Francis asks St. Joseph to help us "to be faithful and courageous apostles".

Pope Francis encouraged during this Wednesday's general audience in St. Peter's Square to ask St. Joseph, "patron of the Universal Church," to help us "to be faithful and courageous apostles, open to dialogue, and ready to face the challenges of Evangelization," to which all the baptized are called by our Christian vocation.

Francisco Otamendi-March 15, 2023-Reading time: 5 minutes

During the general audience, Pope Francis encouraged us to ask St. Joseph to help us "to be faithful and courageous apostles, open to dialogue and ready to face the challenges of evangelization," to which all the baptized are called by our Christian vocation.

After formulating the petition to the Lord through the intercession of St. Joseph, the Argentinean Pope thanked "in a special way all the people belonging to the political parties and social leaders of my country, who have joined together to sign a letter of greeting on the occasion of the tenth year of the pontificate. Thank you for this gesture", he said. 

Then, the Holy Father added that "just as you have united to sign this letter, how nice that you unite to talk, to discuss, and to carry the homeland forward. May Jesus bless you and the Holy Virgin watch over you".

The mention to St. Joseph and to the political and social leaders of Argentina took place when he referred to the Spanish-speaking faithful and pilgrims. A little later, addressing the Italian-speaking pilgrims, the Pope expressed his "closeness to the people of Malawi, who have been hit by a cyclone in recent days. May the Lord sustain the families and communities hit by this calamity. 

Also, as is customary in almost every audience and at the Angelus, the Pope made an appeal regarding the war in Ukraine. On this occasion he addressed political leaders to "respect places of worship".

Christian vocation, a call to the apostolate

At the audience, which for the second time this year, on a sunny day, took place in St. Peter's Square, Pope Francis continued his catechesis on the passion to evangelize, "and in the school of the Second Vatican Council, let us try to understand better what it means to be 'apostles' today," he said. 

"The word "apostle"brings to mind the group of the Twelve apostles chosen by Jesus. Sometimes we call "apostle" a saint, or more generally bishops. But are we aware that being apostles refers to every Christian, and therefore also to each one of us? Indeed, we are called to be apostles in a Church that we profess in the Creed to be apostolic". 

His first words referred to the mission, and to the call. "So, what does it mean to be an apostle? It means to be sent on a mission. Exemplary and foundational is the event in which the Risen Christ sends his apostles into the world, transmitting to them the power that he himself has received from the Father and giving them his Spirit. We read in John's Gospel: 'Jesus said to them again: "Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, even so I send you." Having said this, he breathed on them and said to them, "Receive the Holy Spirit"' (20:21-22)"

"Another fundamental aspect of being an apostle is the vocation, that is, the call," Pope Francis stressed. "It has been so from the beginning, when the Lord Jesus "called those whom he wanted, and they came to him" (Mk. 3:13). He constituted them as a group, attributing to them the title of "apostles", so that they might be with him and be sent on mission. In his letters, St. Paul presents himself as follows: "Paul, called to be an apostle" (1 Cor 1:1) and also: "Paul, a servant of Christ, an apostle by vocation, chosen for the Gospel of God" (Rom 1:1). And he insists on the fact that he is "an apostle, not of men, nor through any man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead" (Gal 1:1); God called him from his mother's womb to preach the Gospel among the nations (cf. Gal 1:15-16).

Priests, consecrated and lay faithful 

Immediately, the Pope began to draw consequences from the Scriptures. "The experience of the Twelve and the witness of Paul also challenge us today," he said. "Everything depends on a gratuitous call from God; God chooses us also for services that at times seem to exceed our capacities or do not correspond to our expectations; to the call received as a gratuitous gift it is necessary to respond gratuitously. 

The Council says: "The Christian vocation, by its very nature, is also a vocation to the apostolate" (Decree Apostolicam actuositatem [AA, 2)". 

"The witness of the first Christians also illuminates our apostolate in the Church today. Their experience shows us that it is God who chooses us and graces us for the mission," he said.

"It is a call that is common, 'as common is the dignity of the members, which derives from their regeneration in Christ; common is the grace of sonship; common is the call to perfection: one salvation, one hope and undivided charity'," he added, citing No. 32 of the Lumen Gentium (LG) of the Second Vatican Council. 

"It is a call that concerns everyone, both those who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders and consecrated persons, as well as every lay faithful, man or woman," the Holy Father stressed. "And it is a call that enables one to carry out one's apostolic task actively and creatively, in the heart of a Church in which 'there is a variety of ministries, but a unity of mission. To the Apostles and their successors Christ conferred the task of teaching, sanctifying and ruling in his own name and authority. But even the laity, made sharers in the priestly, prophetic and kingly ministry of Christ, fulfill their role in the mission of the whole people of God in the Church and in the world' (AA.2)".

Collaboration between laity and hierarchy: equal dignity, no privileges

"In this context, how does the Council understand the collaboration of the laity with the hierarchy? Is it merely a strategic adaptation to new emerging situations?" the Pope asked. And he responded by stressing that there are no "privileged categories." 

It is not a matter of strategic adaptations, the Pope pointed out. "Not at all, there is something more, which goes beyond the contingencies of the moment and which maintains its own value also for us. "The Church," the Decree Ad Gentes affirms, "is not truly founded, nor fully alive, nor a perfect sign of Christ among the nations, as long as there does not exist and work with the Hierarchy a laity properly so called" (n. 21). 

"In the context of the unity of the mission, the diversity of charisms and ministries must not give rise, within the ecclesial body, to privileged categories; nor can it serve as a pretext for forms of inequality that have no place in Christ and in the Church. This is because, although 'some, by the will of Christ, have been constituted doctors, dispensers of the mysteries and pastors for the others, there is an authentic equality among all in terms of the dignity and action common to all the faithful in order to build up the Body of Christ' (LG, 32)." "Who has more dignity, the bishop, the priest...? No, we are all equal," he added.

"Thus posed, the question of equality in dignity asks us to rethink many aspects of our relationships, which are decisive for evangelization," Pope Francis concluded. "For example, are we aware of the fact that with our words we can damage people's dignity, thus ruining relationships? While we try to dialogue with the world, do we also know how to dialogue among ourselves believers? Is our speech transparent, sincere and positive, or is it opaque, equivocal and negative? Is there a willingness to dialogue directly, face to face, or do we send messages through a third party? Do we know how to listen in order to understand the reasons of the other, or do we impose ourselves, perhaps also with soft words?" 

"Dear brothers and sisters, let us not be afraid to ask ourselves these questions," the Pope concluded. "They can help us to verify the way we live our baptismal vocation, our way of being apostles in an apostolic Church."

The authorFrancisco Otamendi